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71.
72.
Tavrov AV Kobayashi Y Tanaka Y Shioda T Otani Y Kurokawa T Takeda M 《Optics letters》2005,30(17):2224-2226
A three-dimensional common-path interferometer is proposed, which can achromatically null out an on-axis source while it maintains the detectability of an off-axis source. A geometric phase in the three-dimensional interferometer introduces an achromatic pi-phase shift to the light from the on-axis source, such that destructive interference nulls out the axial light at one of the ports of the interferometer. Light from the off-axis source, which is exempt from the pi-phase shift, comes out from both ports with equal intensity. The common-path scheme makes the system highly immune to environmental disturbances. 相似文献
73.
Previously, O-selective phosphorylation on polymer supports in the N-unprotected phosphoramidite method could not be carried out because the amino groups of dA and dC have high reactivity toward tervalent phosphorus(III)-type phosphitylating reagents. In this paper, we developed a new coupling strategy named the "activated phosphite method" in which the phosphitylation is mediated by phosphite triester intermediates 1. Application of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole as the promoter to the solid-phase synthesis resulted in excellent O-selectivity of more than 99.7%. This O-selectivity was explained by the frontier molecular orbital interactions between the reactive intermediates and the nucleophiles such as the amino or hydroxyl groups of nucleosides. Furthermore, longer oligonucleotides were synthesized not only by a manual operation but also by a DNA synthesizer. The utility of our new method was demonstrated by the successful synthesis of a base-labile modified oligodeoxyribonucleotide having 4-N-acetyldeoxycytidine residues. Finally, DNA 20-mers containing dA or dC could be synthesized in good yields by use of a combined reagent of 6-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxybenzotriazole and benzimidazolium triflate. 相似文献
74.
The effect of temperature perturbation on a single-chain-collapse process was studied for poly(methyl methacrylate) with the molecular weight M(w)=1.05 x 10(7) in the mixed solvent of tert-butyl alcohol+water (2.5 vol %). In the chain-collapse process after a quench from the theta; temperature to a temperature T(1), the temperature was changed from T(1) to T(2) at the time t(1) after the quench and returned to T(1) at the time t(1)+t(2). In the three stages at T(1), T(2), and T(1), measurements of the mean-square radius of gyration of polymer chains were carried out by static light scattering and the chain-collapse process was represented by the expansion factor as a function of time. An effect of chain aggregation on the measurements was negligibly small because of the very slow phase separation. For the negative temperature perturbation (T(1)>T(2)), the chain-collapse processes observed in the first and third stages were connected smoothly and agreed with the collapse process due to a single-stage quench to T(1). A memory of the chain collapse in the first stage at T(1) was found to persist into the third stage at the same temperature T(1) without being affected by the temperature perturbation of T(2) during t(2). The memory effect was observed irrespective of the time period of t(2). The positive temperature perturbation (T(1)相似文献
75.
Friedrich MG Giebeta F Naumann R Knoll W Ataka K Heberle J Hrabakova J Murgida DH Hildebrandt P 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2004,(21):2376-2377
Membrane-bound cytochrome c oxidase was attached to an electrode via a His-tag linker and studied by surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy, demonstrating intact redox site structures and electron transfer between the electrode and the immobilized enzyme. 相似文献
76.
Mitsuo Hoshino 《Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra》2003,177(2):159-175
Let A be an artin algebra and e∈A an idempotent with add(eAA)=add(D(AAe)). Then a projective resolution of AeeAe gives rise to tilting complexes for A, where P(l)• is of term length l+1. In particular, if A is self-injective, then is self-injective and has the same Nakayama permutation as A. In case A is a finite dimensional algebra over a field and eAe is a Nakayama algebra, a projective resolution of eAe over the enveloping algebra of eAe gives rise to two-sided tilting complexes {T(2l)•}l?1 for A, where T(2l)• is of term length 2l+1. In particular, if eAe is of Loewy length two, then we get tilting complexes {T(l)•}l?1 for A, where T(l)• is of term length l+1. 相似文献
77.
Takaya Terashima Makoto Ouchi Tsuyoshi Ando Mitsuo Sawamoto 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(5):1061-1069
Oxidation of sec‐alcohols was investigated with ruthenium‐bearing microgel core star polymer catalysts [Ru(II)‐Star]. The star polymer catalysts were directly prepared via RuCl2(PPh3)3‐catalyzed living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), followed by the arm‐linking reaction with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ( 1 ) in the presence of diphenylphosphinostyrene ( 2 ). The Ru(II)‐Star efficiently and homogeneously catalyzed the oxidation of 1‐phenylethanol ( S1 ) to give a corresponding ketone (acetophenone) in higher yield (92%) than the analogs of polymer‐supported ruthenium complexes. Importantly, the star catalyst afforded high recycling efficiency in the oxidation. They held catalytic activity against three times catalysis even though they were recovered under air‐exposure, whereas the conventional RuCl2(PPh3)3 lost the activity for same recycling procedure due to the deactivation by oxygen. The stability of the star catalysts during the recycle experiment was confirmed by detailed spectroscopic characterization. The star polymers also catalyzed oxidation for a wide range of sec‐alcohols with aromatic and aliphatic groups. The substrate affinity was different from that with RuCl2(PPh3)3, suggesting the unique selectivity caused by the specific structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011. 相似文献
78.
We demonstrate the nanosecond time-gated spectroscopy of plume luminescence in UV laser ablation of human hair. Clear and sharp peaks of calcium ion (Ca+) appear in the spectrum although the Ca content is only 0.1% in human hair. Highly sensitive detection of Ca is thus possible. In the experiment, the peak intensity of Ca+ was measured for human hair samples of female subjects over a wide range of age, and compared to the bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae of the subjects themselves. Our experimental results suggest that this specific spectroscopy has the potential for novel diagnoses including monitoring of daily Ca intake and a screening diagnosis of osteoporosis. The spectroscopic system and time transition of plume-luminescence spectra are also described. 相似文献
79.
It will provide us an effective method to study the color perception of the elderly if we can employ for young subjects a
pair of glasses with color property chosen to simulate that of the elderly. One problem has to be solved before using such
glasses based on the concept of the recognized visual space of illumination, that is, the size of the glasses. When a piece
of a white paper is seen through a yellow filter in a room, it naturally appears yellowish. But if the observer uses the filter
to cover his/her eyes entirely the white paper returns to its original white; this is known as color constancy. Between these
two extreme cases, the color is expected to change from yellow to white. Chromaticness and hue of an achromatic test chart
of a small or large size were determined by the elementary color naming method when the chart was seen monocularly through
a red, yellow, green or blue filter, respectively, placed at various distances from the eyes. Chromaticness was large at around
40% when the visual field through the filter was equal to or smaller than the test chart, but it rapidly decreased when the
visual field extended over the test chart so that objects other than the test chart were included in the visual field. It
decreased to almost zero when the filter was about 5 cm or less away from the eye. It was concluded that we do not necessarily
have to use goggles to cover the entire visual field but can use a normal pair of glasses made of colored filters for young
subjects to study the color perception of the elderly with understanding that the study is only for the color perception experienced
while wearing the glasses. 相似文献
80.