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91.
Cefuroxime axetil is the esterified form of cefuroxime, injectable second generation cephalosporine antibiotic that can be given orally. Stereo and structural isomers of cefuroxime axetil (CA), anti-cefuroxime axetil (ACA) and Delta(3)-cefuroxime axetil (DCA), can be present in cefuroxime dosage forms as the process related impurities as well as possible degradation product. Sensitive and precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of cefuroxime axetil in the presence of its degradation products in solid dosage forms. The RSD values for cefuroxime axetil, anti-cefuroxime axetil and Delta(3)-cefuroxime axetil of 1.80, 1.99 and 2.48%, respectively, indicated a good precision of the RP-HPLC method. Developed RP-HPLC method was sensitive with LOD = 0.08 microg mL(-1) and LOQ = 0.60 microg mL(-1) for anti-cefuroxime axetil and LOD = 0.06 microg mL(-1) and LOQ = 0.45 microg mL(-1) for Delta(3)-cefuroxime axetil. Holding studies were carried out on Ceroxim tablets, according to ICH regulation at 30 degrees C/60% relative humidity (RH) and 40 degrees C/75% RH for 1, 2, 3 and 6 months. The review data from the stability studies conducted, show the significant content change of Delta(3)-cefuroxime axetil. 相似文献
92.
The HOF.CH3CN complex, readily prepared by passing F2 through aqueous acetonitrile, is an exceptionally efficient oxygen transfer agent. It is unique in its capacity to oxidize various azides into the corresponding nitro derivatives. This method requires short reactions times and room temperature or below, and the desired nitro compounds were usually isolated in very good yields. The respective nitroso derivatives are believed to be the intermediates in this reaction. Functional groups such as aromatic rings, ketones, nitriles, halides, alcohols, and esters are tolerated. Sulfides react with HOF.CH3CN usually at the same rate as azides. Amines and olefins, however, react faster, so they have to be protected first. Nitro derivatives with various oxygen isotopes can be made using the labeled H18OF.CH3CN. In the case of chiral azides the stereochemistry around the nitrogen-bonded carbons is retained. 相似文献
93.
Kristof Demeestere Mira Petrović Meritxell Gros Jo Dewulf Herman Van Langenhove Damià Barceló 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,396(2):825-837
This paper presents the development, optimization, and validation of an innovative method to analyze trace concentrations
of seven selected psychoactive pharmaceuticals in environmental waters. Hereby, the solid-phase extraction (SPE) potential
of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in terms of extraction recovery, breakthrough, precision, and selectivity is studied
for the first time. Instrumental analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
allowed a rapid (run time = 7.5 min) and sensitive (instrumental detection limit ≤7 pg injected) quantification of the target
analytes. A systematic optimization study revealed that, among the seven compounds of interest, mainly the selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors paroxetine, fluoxetine, and citalopram are selectively retained on the MIPs. Experiments performed in
spiked river water, sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent and influent showed for these compounds extraction recoveries higher
than 70%, breakthrough volumes up to 200 mL, method detection limits (MDL) as low as 0.5 ng/L, and good precision (exemplified
by relative standard deviations better than 15%, n ≥ 3). Compared to the widely used hydrophilic–lipophilic balanced (HLB) polymers, the newly developed MIPs indicated to be
more resistant toward matrix effects induced ion signal suppression particularly when dealing with relative dirty samples
like STP influents. As a result of the better selectivity, the MDL obtained with the MIP-based SPE method was up to a factor
of 7 lower compared to those obtained with a recently reported multi-residue HLB method. However, optimizing a HLB method
in terms of selectivity, e.g., by introducing a stronger washing protocol, can significantly reduce its MDL up to values approximating
those obtained with MIPs. 相似文献
94.
Mira Petrovic Marinella Farré Miren Lopez de Alda Sandra Perez Cristina Postigo Marianne Köck Jelena Radjenovic Merixell Gros Damia Barcelo 《Journal of chromatography. A》2010,1217(25):4004-4017
An overview of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods used for the determination of trace organic contaminants in environmental samples is presented. Among the organic contaminants the focus is given on five groups of emerging contaminants that raised most concern as environmental contaminants and therefore attracted attention of a research community: pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse, polar pesticides, perfluorinated compounds and nanoparticles. Various aspects of current LC–MS methodology, using tandem and hybrid MS instruments, including sample preparation, are discussed. 相似文献
95.
J.A. Cuenca Mira R. De Los Santos Villodres A. Kaidi A. Rochdi 《Linear algebra and its applications》1999,290(1-3):1-22
In this paper we give a new process called vectorial isotopy, in order to classify the eight-dimensional real quadratic flexible division algebras, and we solve the isomorphism problem. 相似文献
96.
97.
Wilson JN Josowicz M Wang Y Bunz UH 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2003,(24):2962-2963
The cruciform pentamers 3a-g were synthesized by a combined Horner-Sonogashira approach; their band gaps vary significantly with emission varying from blue to red depending upon their substituent pattern. 相似文献
98.
Summary Purine derivative drugs, aminophylline, theophylline, xantinolnicotinate, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thyoguanine, azathioprine, 1-methylxantine, 3-methylxantine, 1-methyluric acid, 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 6-thioxantine, 2-amino-6-methylmercaptopurine, were separated by thin-layer chromatography on rice starch and cellulose by three different solvent systems. Conditions for quantitative fluorodensitometric determination of purine derivatives drugs were investigated. 相似文献
99.
Peré-Trepat E Petrovic M Barceló D Tauler R 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2004,378(3):642-654
Identification, resolution and distribution of main microcontaminant sources of endocrine disruptors in Spanish harbours, coastal waters and sediments are investigated using chemometric methods. We investigated eighteen different endocrine disruptor chemical compounds, including non-ionic surfactants, their degradation products and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, found in a total number of 74 samples (35 water samples and 39 sediment samples) over a period of 16 months from March 1999 to July 2000, and in 32 different geographical sites along the Spanish Mediterranean Coast (e.g. Barcelona, Tarragona, Almeria Harbour, Malaga and the Bay of Cadiz). Main environmental contamination sources of these endocrine disruptor compounds were investigated and interpreted according to their chemical composition and according to their resolved geographical distribution profiles.An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
100.
Recent advances in the mass spectrometric analysis related to endocrine disrupting compounds in aquatic environmental samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An overview of mass spectrometric methods used for the determination of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in environmental samples is presented. Among the EDCs we have selected five groups of compounds that are of priority within European Union and US research activities: alkylphenols, polychlorinated compounds (dioxins, furans and biphenyls), polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalates and steroid sex hormones. Various aspects of current LC-MS and GC-MS methodology, including sample preparation, are discussed. 相似文献