Comparison of theoretical and experimental results for band-gap-graded CZTSSe solar cell

The simulation of CZTSSe solar cells is presented in this paper. The simulation results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data, indicating the reliability of simulation results. New structure is proposed to increase the functionality of the cell. Improved functional performances are achieved by inserting a P-Silicon (P-Si) layer as back surface field. Simulation results suggest that by inserting this P-Si layer, efficiency of the CZTSSe solar cell increases from 12.6% to 16.59%, which is a significant improvement. For the champion cell J_SC = 36.27 mA/cm², V_OC = 0.625 V and FF = 73.11% has been achieved.     

Measurements of CP-violating asymmetries and branching fractions in B meson decays to eta'K

We present measurements of the branching fractions of the decays B+-->eta'K+ and B0-->eta'K0. For B0-->eta(')K(0)(S) we also measure the time-dependent CP-violation parameters S eta'(K(0)(S)) and C eta'(K(0)(S)), and for B+-->eta'K+ the time-integrated charge asymmetry A(ch). The data sample corresponds to 88.9 x 10(6) BB pairs produced by e(+)e(-) annihilation at the Upsilon(4S). The results are B(B+-->eta'K+)=(76.9+/-3.5+/-4.4) x 10(-6), B(B0-->eta'K0)=(60.6+/-5.6+/-4.6) x 10(-6), S eta'(K(0)(S))=0.02+/-0.34+/-0.03, C eta'(K(0)(S))=0.10+/-0.22+/-0.04, and A(ch)=0.037+/-0.045+/-0.011.     

Search for D0-D(-)0 mixing and a measurement of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay rate in D0-->Kpi decays

We present results of a search for D0-D(-)0 mixing and a measurement of R(D), the ratio of doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays to Cabibbo-favored decays, using D0-->K+pi- decays from 57.1 fb(-1) of data collected near sqrt[s]=10.6 GeV with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider. At the 95% confidence level, allowing for CP violation, we find the mixing parameters x('2)<0.0022 and -0.056相似文献   

Structure of extremely nanosized and confined In-O species in ordered porous materials

Perturbed-angular correlation, x-ray absorption, and small-angle x-ray scattering spectroscopies were suitably combined to elucidate the local structure of highly diluted and dispersed InOx species confined in the porous of the ZSM5 zeolite. This novel approach allow us to determined the structure of extremely nanosized In-O species exchanged inside the 10-atom-ring channel of the zeolite, and to quantify the amount of In2O3 crystallites deposited onto the external zeolite surface.     

Recent Developments in Flow Injection/Sequential Injection Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Atomic Spectrometric Determination of Metals and Metalloids

Abstract

This review aims to provide a critical overview of automated flow injection and sequential injection liquid-liquid extraction for preconcentration and/or separation of ultra-trace metal and metalloid species hyphenated with atomic spectrometric detection systems, including some new trends and applications in the subbranches of cloud point extraction (CPE), wetting film extraction (WFE), supported liquid membrane extraction (SLME), extraction chromatography (EChr), and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques. The analytical performance of flow-injection/sequential injection liquid-liquid extraction methods is markedly affected by the components of the flow network such as segmentor, extraction coil, and phase separator. Thus, an overall presentation of system components along with some novel strategies for interface with atomic spectrometers is discussed and exemplified with selected applications.     

Effects of Magnetic Nanofluid Fuel Combustion on the Performance and Emission Characteristics

Although the compression ignition engines are a significant source of power, their detrimental emissions create considerable problems to the environment as well as to humans. The objective of the present experimental investigation is to examine the effects of the magnetic nanofluid fuels on combustion performance characteristics and exhaust emissions. In this regard, the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles dispersed in the diesel fuel with the nanoparticle concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 vol% were employed for combustion in a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine. After a series of experiments, it was demonstrated that the nanoparticle additives, even at very low concentrations, have considerable influence in diesel engine characteristics. Furthermore, the results indicated that the nanofluid fuel with nanoparticle concentration of 0.4 vol% shows better combustion characteristics in comparison with that of 0.8 vol%. Based on the experimental results, NO _x and SO₂ emissions dramatically reduce, while CO emissions and smoke opacity noticeably increase with increasing the dosing level of nanoparticles.     

The representation type of rational normal scrolls

The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that all non-singular rational normal scrolls \(S(a_0,\ldots ,a_k)\subseteq \mathbb P ^N\), \(N =\sum _{i=0}^k(a_i)+k\), (unless \(\mathbb P ^{k+1}=S(0,\ldots ,0,1)\), the rational normal curve \(S(a)\) in \(\mathbb P ^a\), the quadric surface \(S(1,1)\) in \(\mathbb P ^3\) and the cubic scroll \(S(1,2)\) in \(\mathbb P ^4\)) support families of arbitrarily large rank and dimension of simple Ulrich (and hence indecomposable ACM) vector bundles. Therefore, they are all of wild representation type unless \(\mathbb P ^{k+1}\), \(S(a)\), \(S(1,1)\) and \(S(1,2)\) which are of finite representation type.     

Observation of the decay B+/--->pi+/-pi0, study of B+/--->K+/-pi0, and search for B0-->pi0pi0

We present results for the branching fractions and charge asymmetries in B+/--->h(+/-)pi(0) (where h(+/-)=pi(+/-),K+/-) and a search for the decay B0-->pi(0)pi(0) using a sample of approximately 88 x 10(6) BBmacr; pairs collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We measure B(B+/--->pi(+/-)pi(0))=(5.5(+1.0)(-0.9)+/-0.6)x10(-6), where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. The B+/--->pi(+/-)pi(0) signal has a significance of 7.7sigma including systematic uncertainties. We simultaneously measure the K+/-pi(0) branching fraction to be B(B+/--->K+/-pi(0))=(12.8(+1.2)(-1.1)+/-1.0)x10(-6). The charge asymmetries are Api(+/-)(pi(0))=-0.03(+0.18)(-0.17)+/-0.02 and AK+/-(pi(0))=-0.09+/-0.09+/-0.01. We place a 90% confidence-level upper limit on the branching fraction B(B0-->pi(0)pi(0)) of 3.6 x 10(-6).     

Voltammetry of Organic Microparticles

 Solid microparticles of several different insoluble organic compounds were mechanically immobilized on the surface of graphite electrodes and immersed into a liquid electrolyte in order to study their electrochemical reactions. Cyclic staircase voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry were used. Quinhydrone was found to be a stable intermediate in the reversible redox reaction of solid quinone and hydroquinone on the electrode surface. The reaction occurs on the surface of the solid particle which is in contact with water. Indigo can be reduced to leucoindigo and oxidized to dehydroindigo in two separate reversible redox reactions. In strongly basic medium indigo dissolves in water upon electroreduction. A hydroacridine radical was detected as a stable intermediate in the electrochemically irreversible redox reaction of acridine and dihydroacridine. Famotidine can be electrooxidized and the product of this reaction can be electroreduced in two separate chemically irreversible reactions. Probucol is oxidized to a semiquinone radical which can be re-reduced in an electrochemically irreversible redox reaction. Propyl- thiouracil can be also oxidized to an unknown product which can be re-reduced in a chemically reversible, but slow solid state surface redox reaction. Reductions of solid thionicotinoylanilide and nicotinoylanilide are totally irreversible. Received September 22, 1998. Revision March 19, 1999.