Kalman filtering of a space-time Markov random field

In this paper, finite-dimensional recursive filters for space-time Markov random fields are derived. These filters can be used with the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to yield maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of the model.     

Effect of trapping centers of luminescent properties of bismuth orthogermanate

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 970–975, June, 1991.     

Self-transparency effect in a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell

In a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell we report and study the self-transparency effect induced by the creation of an isotropic droplet. A simple theoretical model is presented and good agreement with experimental data is found. In a two beams configuration transistor-like behavior is observed and theoretically discussed.     

Applications of coupled LC-GC: A review

Although coupled liquid chromatographygas chromatography (LC-GC) was first demonstrated ten years ago, only in the last few years has there been a sudden surge of interest in the technique. Approximately 70% of the total number of LC-GC applications have been published in the last two years (1987–88) alone. This review categorizes LC-GC publications into four main application areas: fossil fuels, foods, environmental samples, biologiical/pharmaceutical samples, and miscellaneous samples. Multidimensional separations carried out using other coupled-column chromatographic techniques (such as supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with GC, and on-line trace enrichment-GC) have also been included in this review.     

Direct C–H arylation of 3-methoxythiophene catalyzed by Pd. Application to a more efficient synthesis of π-alkoxy-oligothiophene derivatives

The direct regioselective C–H arylation of 3-methoxythiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) was performed successfully under ‘Heck-type’ experimental conditions. This novel synthetic methodology has been used to prepare in a more simple way a series of oligothiophenes interesting for the electronic industry to build new synthetic organic materials.     

Remote stereocontrol by the sulfinyl group: Mukaiyama aldol reactions of (S)-2-[2-(p-tolylsulfinyl)phenyl]acetaldehyde in the asymmetric synthesis of β-hydroxyacids and 1,3-diols

(S)-2-[2-(p-Tolylsulfinyl)phenyl]acetaldehyde reacts with different O-silylated ketenethioacetals in the presence of Yb(OTf)₃ yielding β-hydroxythioesters in high yields and diastereoselectivities. The obtained compounds were readily transformed into β-hydroxyacids and their corresponding diols. These Mukaiyama aldol reactions are a direct evidence of the ability of the sulfinyl group to control 1,5- and 1,6-asymmetric induction processes.     

Coherent Type-B e + e- Pair Production by Photons in a Crystal

An overview of theoretical and experimental studies of the coherent type-B e ⁺ e-pair production by photons in aligned crystals performed at Nuclear Physics Institute at Tomsk Polytechnic University is given.