Apparent clustering of intermediate-redshift galaxies as a probe of dark energy

We show that the apparent redshift-space clustering of galaxies in the redshift range of 0.2-0.4 provides surprisingly useful constraints on dark-energy components in the Universe, because of the right balance between the density of objects and the survey depth. We apply Fisher matrix analysis to the luminous red galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, as a concrete example. Possible degeneracies in the evolution of the equation of state and the other cosmological parameters are clarified.     

Synthesis and properties of novel thiaarenecyclynes

Novel thiaarenecyclynes 3 and 4 in which two thioether units and two benzene rings are alternately inserted into the single bonds of cyclooctatetrayne are synthesized. Their unique properties are described.     

Signal denoising and baseline correction by discrete wavelet transform for microchip capillary electrophoresis

Signal denoising and baseline correction using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are described for microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE). DWT was performed on an electropherogram describing a separation of nine tetramethylrohodamine-5-isothiocyanate labeled amino acids, following MCE with laser-induced fluorescence detection, using Daubechies 5 wavelet at a decomposition level of 6. The denoising efficiency was compared with, and proved to be superior to, other commonly used denoising techniques such as Fourier transform, Savitzky-Golay smoothing and moving average, in terms of noise removal and peak preservation by directly visual inspection. Novel strategies for baseline correction were proposed, with a special interest in baseline drift that frequently occurred in chromatographic and electrophoretic separations.     

Two types of intramolecular homolytic substitution reactions at group XIV atoms: unusual radical 1,4-Sn shifts from Si to C and carbonylative SHi reaction at Si

4-[(Trimethylstannyl)diphenylsilyl]butanoyl radical, arising from the corresponding 3-(stannylsilyl)propyl radical and CO, undergoes an SHi reaction at Si with extrusion of trimethyltin radical to give silacyclopentanone. The parent 3-(stannylsilyl)propyl radical was also found to isomerize to (3-stannylpropyl)silyl radical via a 1,4-Sn shift from Si to C with a rate constant of 9.3 x 10(4) s-1 at 80 degrees C. Ab initio and DFT MO calculations support a front-side attack mechanism.     

Development of the fiber neutron monitor for the energy range 15-100 MeV on the International Space Station (ISS)

In order to investigate the space environment, a new neutron monitor has been prepared. The sensor consists of scintillation fibers (FIB) and will be on board the exposed facility of the Japanese Experimental module (Kibo) of the International Space Station (ISS). The sensor is one of the instruments which measures the particle and plasma environment around the ISS. The sensor will be used by the cosmonauts who work on the ISS, to help them avoid a strong particle radiation which may arrive soon. We believe that such an alert is necessary for the cosmonauts to prevent unnecessary radiation from the sun. Furthermore, the sensor will be very useful in understanding the particle acceleration mechanism at the solar surface. The design of the Engineering Model (EM) was finished and its properties were investigated. This report discusses these results.     

Orientation effect on superfluid <Superscript>3</Superscript>He in anisotropic aerogel

The orientation of the order parameter in the A-like and B-like phases of superfluid ³He immersed in uniaxially compressed aerogel is reported. With the use of NMR methods, it is found that the orbital momentum of the A-and B-like phases is oriented along the deformation. In the A-like phase, a relatively narrow NMR line with an anomalously large negative frequency shift is observed. The Leggett frequency in the A-like phase, which shows the same energy gap suppression as in the B-like phase, is measured. The text was submitted by the authors in English.