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61.
Dr. Ayumi Hirano‐Iwata Yutaka Ishinari Dr. Hideaki Yamamoto Prof. Michio Niwano 《化学:亚洲杂志》2015,10(6):1266-1274
Ion channel proteins provide gated pores that allow ions to passively flow across cell membranes. Owing to their crucial roles in regulating transmembrane ion flow, ion channel proteins have attracted the attention of pharmaceutical investigators as drug targets for use in the studies of both therapeutics and side effects. In this review, we discuss the current technologies that are used in the formation of ion channel‐integrated bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) in microfabricated devices as a potential platform for next‐generation drug screening systems. Advances in BLM fabrication methodology have allowed the preparation of BLMs in sophisticated formats, such as microfluidic, automated, and/or array systems, which can be combined with channel current recordings. A much more critical step is the integration of the target channels into BLMs. Current technologies for the functional reconstitution of ion channel proteins are presented and discussed. Finally, the remaining issues of the BLM‐based methods for recording ion channel activities and their potential applications as drug screening systems are discussed. 相似文献
62.
Takiguchi K Negishi M Tanaka-Takiguchi Y Homma M Yoshikawa K 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(18):11528-11535
To construct a simple model of a cellular system equipped with motor proteins, cell-sized giant liposomes encapsulating various amounts of actoHMM, the complexes of actin filaments (F-actin) and heavy meromyosin (HMM, an actin-related molecular motor), with a depletion reagent to mimic the crowding effect of inside of living cell, were prepared. We adapted the methodology of the spontaneous transfer of water-in-oil (W/O) droplets through a phospholipid monolayer into the bulk aqueous phase and successfully prepared stable giant liposomes encapsulating the solution with a physiological salt concentration containing the desired concentrations of actoHMM, which had been almost impossible to obtain using currently adapted methodologies such as natural swelling and electro-formation on an electrode. We then examined the effect of ATP on the cytoskeleton components confined in those cell-sized liposomes, because ATP is known to drive the sliding motion for actoHMM. We added α-hemolysin, a bacterial membrane pore-forming toxin, to the bathing solution and obtained liposomes with the protein pores embedded on the bilayer membrane to allow the transfer of ATP inside the liposomes. We show that, by the ATP supply, the actoHMM bundles inside the liposomes exhibit specific changes in spatial distribution, caused by the active sliding between F-actin and HMM. Interestingly, all F-actins localized around the inner periphery of liposomes smaller than a critical size, whereas in the bulk solution and also in larger liposomes, the actin bundles formed aster-like structures under the same conditions. 相似文献
63.
Herewith are the two processes developed by Nitto, which produce N-containing compounds such as hydrogen cyanide and methylamines. These processes are characterized by unique selective catalysts: an Fe–Sb–O based fluid-bed catalyst for ammoxidation of methanol and a shape-selective zeolite catalyst for ammonolysis of methanol. 相似文献
64.
65.
An analog of the minimal unitary series representations for the deformed Virasoro algebra is constructed using vertex operators of the quantum affine algebra Uq(sl2). A similar construction is proposed for the elliptic algebra Aq,p(sl2). 相似文献
66.
Laili Mahmoudian Jonas Melin Mohamad Reza Mohamadi Keiko Yamada Michio Ohta Noritada Kaji Manabu Tokeshi Mats Nilsson Yoshinobu Baba 《Analytical sciences》2008,24(3):327-332
We have developed a new method for a fast and precise analysis of circle-to-circle amplification (C2CA) product for specific gene detection by microchip electrophoresis. In this method, we have added a new enzymatic step to the C2CA reaction, which could be carried out isothermally at 37 degrees C. Compared to the original single-stranded DNA, the double-stranded DNA that is produced by this enzymatic reaction is more reliable for analysis by microchip electrophoresis. C2CA product was detected within 55 s with high reproducibility by this method which was successfully applied to the detection of 10-ng genomic DNA of the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio. cholerae within 110 s. Purification was found to be an indispensable step for the analysis of the C2CA product of genomic DNA samples. 相似文献
67.
Michio Ozeki 《Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A》1981,30(3):270-275
A method of construction for the positive definite integral hermitian forms of determinant unity is established by using the generalized Hadamard matrices or the generalized conference matrices. 相似文献
68.
Shinichi Kimura Kunihiro Osaki Michio Kurata 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1981,19(1):151-163
The rheological behavior of an uncrosslinked polybutadiene on sudden application of finite strain was examined. The shear stress σ, two components of birefringence, and the extinction angle were measured in shear (magnitude of shear γ ≤ 3.5) and tensile stress and the birefringence were measured in uniaxial elongation (elongation ratio λ ≤ 3.8). Measurements were performed at 30°C with a tensile tester equipped with appropriate sample holders. The stress-optical coefficient was 3.01 × 10?9Pa?1. The first and second normal-stress differences v1 and v2 were separately evaluated with the use of stress-optical law. The Lodge—Meissner relation v1 = γσ held good. The ratio v2/v1 was independent of time and varied from about ?0.3 to ?0.2 with increasing γ in the range of measurements. Each of the stress components was factored into a function of strain and one of time, and the latter was common to all the stress components. Simple formulas were proposed to represent stress components in step deformations. 相似文献
69.
70.
Kinetic equations for the one-particle distribution function of dilute gases and plasmas and evolution equations for the variance of their fluctuations are obtained from the BBGKY hierarchy equations by using Mori's scaling method in an extended form. 相似文献