Controlled vesicle self-assembly in microfluidic channels with hydrodynamic focusing

Traditional liposome preparation methods are based on mixing of bulk phases, leading to inhomogeneous chemical and/or mechanical conditions during formation; hence liposomes are often polydisperse in size and lamellarity. Here we show the formation of liposomes that encapsulate reagents in a continuous two-phase flow microfluidic network with precision control of size from 100 to 300 nm by manipulation of liquid flow rates. We demonstrate that by creating a solvent-aqueous interfacial region in a microfluidic format that is homogeneous and controllable on the length scale of a liposome, we can facilitate the fine control of liposome size and polydispersity.     

Structural and Kinetic Features of Formation of High-Strength Epoxy-Amine Cross-Linked Polymers by Combined Polycondensation-Polymerization Process

To control the structural contributions of the polycondensation and polymerization curing of epoxy resins, the curing kinetics of the composites diepoxide-tertiary amine and diepoxide-(primary + tertiary) amines is studied by the isothermal calorimetry.     

Synthesis of 5-Alkyl(benzyl)idene-3-hydroxymethyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-ones

Russian Journal of General Chemistry -     

Synthesis and properties of residual graphite nitrate obtained by treatment of graphite nitrate with water

The possibility of obtaining residual graphite nitrate by water treatment of graphite nitrate and its subsequent drying was studied. The expansion coefficients were determined in the temperature range 500–900°C with a step of 100°C for the samples obtained.     

Combined charge and spin density experimental study of the yttrium(III) semiquinonato complex Y(HBPz3)2(DTBSQ) and DFT calculations

High-resolution X-ray diffraction and polarized neutron diffraction experiments have been performed on the Y-semiquinonate complex, Y(HBPz3)2(DTBSQ), in order to determine the charge and spin densities in the paramagnetic ground state, S = (1/2). The aim of these combined studies is to bring new insights to the antiferromagnetic coupling mechanism between the semiquinonate radical and the rare earth ion in the isomorphous Gd(HBPz3)2(DTBSQ) complex. The experimental charge density at 106 K yields detailed information about the bonding between the Y3+ ion and the semiquinonate ligand; the topological charge of the yttrium atom indicates a transfer of about 1.5 electrons from the radical toward the Y3+ ion in the complex, in agreement with DFT calculations. The electron density deformation map reveals well-resolved oxygen lone pairs with one lobe polarized toward the yttrium atom. The determination of the induced spin density at 1.9 K under an applied magnetic field of 9.5 T permits the visualization of the delocalized magnetic orbital of the radical throughout the entire molecule. The spin is mainly distributed on the oxygen atoms [O1 (0.12(1) mu B), O2(0.11(1) mu B)] and the carbon atoms [C21 (0.24(1) mu B), C22(0.20(1) mu B), C24(0.16(1) mu B), C25(0.12(1) mu B)] of the carbonyl ring. A significant spin delocalization on the yttrium site of 0.08(2) mu B is observed, proving that a direct overlap with the radical magnetic orbital can occur at the rare earth site and lead to antiferromagnetic coupling. The DFT calculations are in good quantitative agreement with the experimental charge density results, but they underestimate the spin delocalization of the oxygen toward the yttrium and the carbon atoms of the carbonyl ring.     

The prism algorithm for two-electron integrals

A new approach to the evaluation of two-electron repulsion integrals over contracted Gaussian basis functions is developed. The new scheme encompasses 20 distinct, but interrelated, paths from simple shell-quartet parameters to the target integrals, and, for any given integral class, the path requiring the fewest floating-point operations (FLOPS ) is that used. Both theoretical (FLOP counting) and practical (CPU timing) measures indicate that the method represents a substantial improvement over the HGP algorithm.     

A sum rule approach to collective spin modes in paramagnetic clusters,cavities and shells

We study spin collective modes in paramagnetic systems using a sum rule approach. We give a simple and analytical expression for the static magnetic polarizability of finite size systems in terms of their radii and of the magnetic susceptibility of a uniform system. A systematics for the mean excitation energy of spin modes in clusters and shells is given. In metal spheres, the hydrodynamical model is solved and compared with the sum rule approach. An estimate for the mean excitation energy of the spin dipole collective state in fullerene is given.     

Role of tetraethoxysilane hydrolysis and polycondensation catalysts in synthesis of wide-pore silica gels

A study has been made of the effect of combining tetraethoxysilane hydrolysis and polycondensation catalysts operating by different mechanisms on the texture parameters of synthesized silica gels. The effect of hydrothermal treatment of a fluorine-containing silica hydrogel on the thermal stability of the xerogel texture was demonstrated.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 95–98, March–April, 1994.