频率自适应最优权重阵列干涉条纹处理技术

考虑长基线水平阵列波束形成对声场模态呈现的滤波特征,建立了一种随频率改变滤波通带的阵列权矢量设计方法。基于简正波理论,结合声场波束形成特点,在分析了常规波束形成信号LOFAR谱图干涉条纹的清晰度和条纹结构不同于单水听器输出信号条纹现象基础上,采用线性等式约束的二次优化模型,给出了一种频率自适应的最优权重估计。数值仿真验证和试验数据分析表明,利用该方法设计的最优权重阵列波束处理,可以滤波出SRBR(Surface-Reflected Bottom-Reflected)或N-SRBR(Non-Surface-Reflected Bottom-Reflected)模态组成的波束形成信号,信号谱图干涉条纹斜率与理论分析基本一致。     

近地层大气光学湍流的分形和间歇性特征分析

利用光纤湍流测量系统获得了合肥西郊科学岛上气象观测场内下垫面平坦的水面上方0.48m、草地上方1.8m和23m高处的大气折射率起伏的观测数据,采用R/S分析法计算了近地层大气光学湍流的赫斯特指数和分形维数,统计分析了分形维数的日变化特征及概率分布特征。结果表明:对于一天的不同时段,分形维数在一定范围内动态变化,且中午时段相对稳定;在三种下垫面条件下,全天分形维数的值大多在1.3~1.4之间,其最可几概率位于1.35处,从均值来看,草地上方1.8m的分形维数最大,水面上方0.48m次之,草地上方23m处最小。最后,初步探讨了近地层大气光学湍流分形维数、间歇性指数和湍流发展程度的相关性。     

不同产地亚麻籽矿物质元素及脂肪酸组成的主成分分析

亚麻籽是一种具有食用与药用价值的生物质,富含多种营养物质与矿物质元素。我国是亚麻籽的主要产地之一,为探讨不同产地亚麻籽中矿物质元素与脂肪酸组成的主要特征成分,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析了10个产地亚麻籽中的17种矿物质元素,利用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析了于相同条件下提取的10个产地亚麻籽油脂中的脂肪酸组成。采用主成分分析法对10个产地亚麻籽中的矿物质元素及脂肪酸组成进行了分析,探讨了不同产地亚麻籽矿物质元素及脂肪酸组成的差异,分析了矿物质元素及脂肪酸的主要特征成分。结果表明,K,Sr,Mg,Ni,Co,Cr,Cd,Se,Zn和Cu是亚麻籽的主要特征矿物质元素,C16∶0,C18∶0,C18∶2,C18∶3,C20∶0,C20∶1是亚麻籽油脂的主要特征脂肪酸。ICP-MS和GC-MS结合主成分分析,可有效揭示不同产地亚麻籽中矿物质元素与脂肪酸组成的特征与差异,进而为亚麻籽的合理、有效利用提供重要的理论依据。     

Optimally chosen Nakajima–Zwanzig master equation for mean field approximation

We define an ensemble of projection operators, each of which has an exact associated Nakajima–Zwanzig master equation for quantum open system evolution. A mean field approximation for the memory kernels is introduced that yields a completely determined inhomogeneous master equation for every projection operator. A specific projection operator is then chosen so that the master equation optimally matches an abstract mathematical form which preserves positivity, complete positivity, and correctly equilibrates. We study a nitrogen vacancy center in diamond interacting with ¹³C impurities to illustrate the method.     

Optically active helical polyurethane@attapulgite composites: Effect of optical purity of S-1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diol on infrared emissivity

Helical polyurethane@attapulgite (HPU@ATT) composites were prepared after the surface modification of the rod-like attapulgite (ATT). HPU@ATT composites based on S-1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diol (S-BINOL) with different optical purity (O.P.) were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate that the helical polyurethane has been successfully grafted onto the surfaces of the modified ATT without destroying the original crystalline structure of ATT. The rod-like nanoparticles were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared emissivity values of HPU@ATT composites have been investigated, and the results indicate that the optical purity of monomer plays a very important role in the infrared emissivity for HPU@ATT owing to the effect of helical conformation and interchain hydrogen bonds. Along with the increased optical purity of S-BINOL, the infrared emissivity of HPU@ATT is reduced evidently. Infrared emissivity value of HPU@ATT based on S-BINOL with 100% optical purity is the lowest one (0.431).     

静止水滴真空闪蒸模型及实验研究

本文建立了描述真空制取二元冰过程中静止水滴的传热传质模型,研究冰晶形成过程的结晶成核与生长现象及其影响因素。设计并建立了一种可视化的真空制冰系统,清晰地展示了静态水滴成核结冰时液态蒸发、伴随气泡生长的蒸发、稳态蒸发结冰、伴随气泡生长的结冰、外部结冰内部气泡逸出最终爆裂的五种形态;利用所设计的二元冰真空制备装置进行冰晶的生成实验研究,分析讨论各种因素对二元冰真空制备的影响,并通过实验对照比较来证明模型的可靠性。     

Spatial particle correlations in light nuclei. II four-particle systems

The geometry of configurations of identical particles in a shell is extended from two to four particles. Results are derived for a general $?$ shell and particular attention is paid to the $p$ shell ($?=1$), which is of relevance for the nucleus ${}^8$He. Expressions are given for the angular probability density in terms of the six angles between pairs of position vectors of the particles. The analysis of the $p$ shell reveals the existence of two classes of favored four-particle configurations, with three members each. The transition from one class to the other is governed by the nuclear dynamics and depends on the conflicting tendencies of the short-range nuclear interaction versus the spin–orbit splitting.     

The temporal Mueller matrix solution for polarimetric scattering from a layer of random non-spherical scatterers

The Mueller matrix solution of the vector radiative transfer equation with time dependence is derived in this paper. It is applied to simulation of polarimetric bistatic scattering from a layer of non-uniformly oriented, random non-spherical scatterers when a Gaussian plane pulse is incident upon. Co-polarized and cross-polarized bistatic scattering are numerically calculated. The pulse echoes are compared with the incidence, and demonstrate its functional dependence on the physical parameters of random medium, such as spatial orientation and fractional volume of scatterers, incidence angle and polarization, the layer depth and others.     

超声波法提取迎春花总黄酮含量的工艺研究

研究了超声波法对迎春花中总黄酮的提取条件。其最优提取条件为:料液比1∶40,超声波温度20℃,作用时间20min。在此条件下,用NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH显色法测定的总黄酮为18.22%,RSD=1.48%(n=5)。