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991.
992.
Theoretical investigations and the results of computer modeling of the optical, thermophysical, and thermochemical processes during laser interaction with ocular tissues are reviewed in this paper. Physical-mathematical models and results of numerical simulation of the processes are presented. The computer modeling was applied for investigations of laser heating and coagulation of ocular tissues for treatment of retina diseases and intraocular tumors, cyclophotocoagulation of the ciliary body for treatment of glaucoma, and laser thermal keratoplasty of the cornea. The influence of radiation parameters on the selectivity of laser coagulation of laminated ocular tissues is considered. The results obtained are of essential interest for laser applications in ophthalmology and can be used for investigation of heating and coagulation of tissues in different fields of laser medicine.  相似文献   
993.
We use the realisation of the universal bundle for the loop group as the path fibration of the group to investigate the string class, that is the obstruction to a loop group bundle lifting to a Kac-Moody group bundle. In the case that the loop group bundle is constructed by taking loops into a principal bundle we show that the classifying map is the holonomy around loops and give an explicit formula for the string class relating it to the Pontrjangin class of the principal bunble.  相似文献   
994.
Hearing thresholds for pure tones were measured under free-field listening conditions in the frequency range of 40 Hz-15 kHz. Results are consistent with the standard threshold specified in ISO 226 for frequencies up to 250 Hz, but a few dB below the ISO curve at higher frequencies. Thresholds are distributed normally on a logarithmic level scale with a standard deviation of approximately 5 dB. No significant differences between thresholds of male and female subjects were observed.  相似文献   
995.
Electron acceleration due to a wakefield excited by a ultrashort-pulse intense laser propagating through a finite-length underdense plasma layer is studied by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The electron energy distribution is analyzed for moderate to high intensity. For the electron density, where the pulse length is almost half of the plasma wavelength, dramatic changes of the density structure occur with cavity and bunch formation with an increase in the laser intensity, also leading to the appearance of a fast electron component well confined in phase space. The analytical form of the fast electron energy spectrum is also presented.  相似文献   
996.
We prove that for every fixed k and ? ≥ 5 and for sufficiently large n, every edge coloring of the hypercube Qn with k colors contains a monochromatic cycle of length 2 ?. This answers an open question of Chung. Our techniques provide also a characterization of all subgraphs H of the hypercube which are Ramsey, that is, have the property that for every k, any k‐edge coloring of a sufficiently large Qn contains a monochromatic copy of H. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 53: 196–208, 2006  相似文献   
997.
The current study addresses the mathematical modeling aspects of coupled conductive and radiative heat transfer in the presence of absorbing, emitting and isotropic scattering gray medium within two-dimensional square enclosure. A blended method where the concepts of modified differential approximation employed by combining discrete ordinate method and spherical harmonics method, has been developed for modeling the radiative transport equation. The gray participating medium is bounded by isothermal walls of two-dimensional enclosure which are considered to be opaque, diffuse and gray. The effect of various influencing parameters i.e., radiation-conduction parameter, surface emissivity, single scattering albedo and optical thickness has been illustrated. The adaptability of the present method has also been addressed.  相似文献   
998.
999.
Continuous-Wave Operation of a 460-GHz Second Harmonic Gyrotron Oscillator   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We report the regulated continuous-wave (CW) operation of a second harmonic gyrotron oscillator at output power levels of over 8 W (12.4 kV and 135 mA beam voltage and current) in the TE(0,6,1) mode near 460 GHz. The gyrotron also operates in the second harmonic TE(2,6,1) mode at 456 GHz and in the TE(2,3,1) fundamental mode at 233 GHz. CW operation was demonstrated for a one-hour period in the TE(0,6,1) mode with better than 1% power stability, where the power was regulated using feedback control. Nonlinear simulations of the gyrotron operation agree with the experimentally measured output power and radio-frequency (RF) efficiency when cavity ohmic losses are included in the analysis. The output radiation pattern was measured using a pyroelectric camera and is highly Gaussian, with an ellipticity of 4%. The 460-GHz gyrotron will serve as a millimeter-wave source for sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (dynamic nuclear polarization) experiments at a magnetic field of 16.4 T.  相似文献   
1000.
In this paper, it is shown that some of the results of torus actions on Poincaré duality spaces, Borel’s dimension formula and topological splitting principle to local weights, hold if ‘torus’ is replaced by ‘pro-torus’.  相似文献   
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