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A longstanding unresolved question is whether the one-period Kyle model of an informed trader and a noisily informed market maker has an equilibrium that is different from the closed-form solution derived by Kyle (Econometrica 53:1315–1335, 1985). This note advances what is known about this open problem. 相似文献
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Jing Ren Xiaoyu Wang Christine Yee Mark D. Gorrell Susan V. McLennan Stephen M. Twigg 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(3)
A diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model causing obesity in rodents was used to examine whether sitagliptin and gliclazide therapies have similar protective effects on pathological liver change. Methods: Male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or standard chow (Chow) ad libitum for 25 weeks and randomly allocated to oral sitagliptin or gliclazide treatment for the final 10 weeks. Fasting blood glucose and circulating insulin were measured. Inflammatory and fibrotic liver markers were assessed by qPCR. The second messenger ERK and autophagy markers were examined by Western immunoblot. F4/80, collagens and CCN2 were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: At termination, HFD mice were obese, hyperinsulinemic and insulin-resistant but non-diabetic. The DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin prevented intrahepatic induction of pro-fibrotic markers collagen-IV, collagen-VI, CCN2 and TGF-β1 and pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β more effectively than sulfonylurea gliclazide. By IHC, liver collagen-VI and CCN2 induction by HFD were inhibited only by sitagliptin. Sitagliptin had a greater ability than gliclazide to normalise ERK-protein liver dysregulation. Conclusion: These data indicate that sitagliptin, compared with gliclazide, exhibits greater inhibition of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory changes in an HFD-induced NAFLD model. Sitagliptin therapy, even in the absence of diabetes, may have specific benefits in diet-induced NAFLD. 相似文献
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LetS be a nonempty finite set. The space Δ(S) of conditional systems onS, as defined by Myerson (1986), is shown to be homeomorphic to the closed unit ball in (#S-1)-dimensional Euclidean space.
相似文献25.
The acoustic field of a bounded finite-amplitude beam is governed by competing mechanisms such as medium non-linearity, interference, and attenuation. An analytic determination of the distribution of sonic energy in the individual harmonic components is often not reliable; consequently an experimental mapping of those harmonic components may be more appropriate. An experimental method is presented here which involves a miniature hydrophone probe which has been frequency calibrated for each harmonic component using a light diffraction technique. Measurements (made across the sound field) of the acoustic amplitude of the first three harmonic components are presented. 相似文献
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James A. McLennan 《Journal of statistical physics》1982,28(2):257-290
The triple-collision operator of dense gas theory is analyzed for a quantum-mechanical gas obeying Boltzmann statistics. The contribution of two-body bound states is extracted by using Faddeev's representation of the three-body resolvent. The result is a binary atom-molecule collision operator which includes the effects of molecular formation and breakup, and inelastic and rearrangement collisions. An additional contribution is a modification of the Boltzmann collision operator due to the binding of one member of the colliding pair to a third particle. The analysis is carried out in the framework of the Green-Kubo formulas so the operators considered are linear and the results are in a form suitable for the evaluation of the transport coefficients. 相似文献
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Greene CR McLennan MW Norman RG McDonald TL Jakubczak RS Richardson WJ 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2004,116(2):799-813
Bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, migrate west during fall approximately 10-75 km off the north coast of Alaska, passing the petroleum developments around Prudhoe Bay. Oil production operations on an artificial island 5 km offshore create sounds heard by some whales. As part of an effort to assess whether migrating whales deflect farther offshore at times with high industrial noise, an acoustical approach was selected for localizing calling whales. The technique incorporated DIFAR (directional frequency and recording) sonobuoy techniques. An array of 11 DASARs (directional autonomous seafloor acoustic recorders) was built and installed with unit-to-unit separation of 5 km. When two or more DASARs detected the same call, the whale location was determined from the bearing intersections. This article describes the acoustic methods used to determine the locations of the calling bowhead whales and shows the types and precision of the data acquired. Calibration transmissions at GPS-measured times and locations provided measures of the individual DASAR clock drift and directional orientation. The standard error of the bearing measurements at distances of 3-4 km was approximately 1.35 degrees after corrections for gain imbalance in the two directional sensors. During 23 days in 2002, 10,587 bowhead calls were detected and 8383 were localized. 相似文献
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Background
The human genome contains at least 18 genes for Nudix hydrolase enzymes. Many have similar functions to one another. In order to understand their roles in cell physiology, these proteins must be characterised. 相似文献29.
Measurement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) by the techniques of zymography and reverse zymography provide useful information regarding the status of matrix accumulation or breakdown. This report describes the use of 2-methoxy-2,4-diphenyl-3(2H)-furanone (MDPF), a fluorescent compound which can be used to label gelatin as a substrate for detection of the gelatin degrading MMP-2 and -9 by zymography. In addition, a modification of the zymographic technique by addition of excess MMPs enables the use of the MDPF-labeled gelatin substrate for the identification and quantification of TIMPs by reverse zymography. Both systems are real-time sensitive reliable quantification techniques, easily used for measurement of these MMPs and TIMPs in clinical, biological, and tissue culture samples. 相似文献
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Kevin Colizza Alexander Yevdokimov Lindsay McLennan James L. Smith Jimmie C. Oxley 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2018,29(2):393-404
Over the last several decades, mass spectrometry has become one of the principle methods for compound identification and quantification. While for analytical purposes, fragments which are not fully characterized in terms of origin and intensity as a function of experimental conditions have been used, understanding the nature of those species is very important. Herein we discuss such issues relative to triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and its frequently observed fragment at m/z 89. This “fragment” has been identified as the gas-phase reaction product of TATP with one or two methanol molecules/ions. Additionally, the origin and conditions of other fragments at m/z 91, 75, and 74 associated with TATP will be addressed. Similar analytical issues associated with other multi-peroxide organic compounds [hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), methyl ethyl ketone peroxides (MEKP)] will also be discussed. Solution storage conditions for TATP, HMTD, and tetramethylene diperoxide diamine dialdehyde have been determined. 相似文献