meso–meso‐Linked Diarylamine‐Fused Porphyrin Dimers

A meso–meso‐linked diphenylamine‐fused porphyrin dimer and its methoxy‐substituted analogue were synthesized from a meso–meso‐linked porphyrin dimer by a reaction sequence involving Ir‐catalyzed β‐selective borylation, iodination, meso‐chlorination, and S_NAr reactions with diarylamines followed by electron‐transfer‐mediated intramolecular double C?H/C?I coupling. While these dimers commonly display characteristic split Soret bands and small oxidation potentials, they produced different products upon oxidation with tris(4‐bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate. Namely, the diphenylamine‐fused porphyrin dimer was converted into a dicationic closed‐shell quinonoidal dimer, while the methoxy‐substituted dimer gave a meso–meso, β‐β doubly linked porphyrin dimer.     

The Relation of Generalized Scalar-Tensor Theory with the 5D Space-Time-Matter Theory

The relationship between cosmological solutionsof five-dimensional Space-Time-Matter (STM) theory anda Generalized Scalar-Tensor (GST) theory is investigatedin which the cosmological term Lambda depends not only on a scalar field but also onits time derivative .Identification of these solutions allows us to solve forthe functional form of the cosmological term, and mayhave relevance for the early Universe.     

Fundamental constants and higher-dimensional universe

In order to study the origin of the fundamental constants and Dirac's large number, a cosmological solution in vacuum is presented in a seven-dimensional universe which is defined by adding extra three coordinates (e ² G/c ⁴)^1/2, (hG/c ³)^1/2 and (Gm/c ²) to the four-dimensional spacetime coordinates. It has common features with Chodos-Detweiler's solution. The parameters appearing in this theory are estimated to meet the conditions required by the cosmological first-order phase transition and Dirac's large number hypothesis.     

Determination of inorganic arsenic and organic arsenic compounds in marine organisms by hydride generation/cold trap/gas chromatography— mass spectrometry

The behavior of arsenite, methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, trimethylarsine oxide, dimethyl-R-arsine oxides, and trimethyl-R-arsonium compounds (R = carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl) toward sodium borohydride and hot aqueous sodium hydroxide was investigated. The arsines obtained by sodium borohydride reduction of the undigested and digested solutions were collected in a liquid-nitrogen cooled trap, separated with a gas chromatograph, and detected with a mass spectrometer in the selected-ion-monitoring mode. The investigated arsenic compounds were stable in hot 2 mol dm^?3 sodium hydroxide except arsenobetaine [trimethyl(carboxymethyl)arsonium zwitterion] that was converted to trimethylarsine oxide, and dimethyl(ribosyl)arsine oxides that were decomposed to dimethylarsinic acid. Hydride generation before and after digestion of extracts from marine organisms allowed inorganic arsenic, methylated arsenic, arsenobetaine, and ribosyl arsenic compounds to be identified and quantified. This method was applied to extracts from shellfish, fish, crustaceans, and seaweeds.     

Theory of non phase-matched second harmonic generation of surface plasmons

Non phase-matched harmonic generation of surface plasmons has been analysed using total field solutions which satisfy the nonlinear current driven Maxwell's Equations and electromagnetic boundary conditions. The results are compared with a recent calculation by Mills.     

New unified formulation of transient phenomena near the instability point on the basis of the fokker-planck equation

A new unified theory of transient phenomena is proposed to treat the passage from an initially unstable state to a final stable state. In the nonlinear intermediate time region, this is reduced to the scaling theory by the present author, and for t→∞ it gives a correct fluctuation asymptotically.     

New Simple Method for Obtaining Integrable Hierarchies of Soliton Equations with Multicomponent Potential Functions

A new simple method for obtaining integrable hierarchies of soliton equations is proposed. First of all, a new loop algebra is constructed, whose commutation operation is clear as that in loop algebra . Second, by making use of the Tu scheme, many of integrable hierarchies with multicomponent potential functions can be produced. As a specific application of our method, a multicomponent AKNS hierarchy is obtained. Finally, an expanding loop algebra of the loop algebra is constructed. Taking advantage of above, a type of integrable coupling system of the multicomponent AKNS hierarchy is worked out.     

The first bowl-shaped stable neutral radical with a corannulene system: synthesis and characterization of the electronic structure

[structure: see text] A bowl-shaped neutral radical with a corannulene system has been designed and synthesized for the first time as a stable solid in air. An unequivocal characterization of the electronic properties of the radical shows that an appreciable amount of spin delocalization extends onto the corannulene unit's curved surface.     

Accelerating Flat Universe and Analytic Study of the m-z Relation

An accelerating flat universe with a variable cosmological term is obtained in the Robertson-Walker metric. The variable cosmological term is defined by the correction terms of the metric tensor field. Simple solutions of the scale factor and the cosmological term are shown. In this model of the universe, the magnitude-redshift relation is analytically studied to see if the model reproduces the tendency of the present observational data. The equation of state parameter is touched.     

Plasma production by helicon and slow waves

The observation of slow-wave sustained (SW) discharge in a whistler- or helicon-wave range of frequency is made using high-frequency and very-high-frequency bands of rf. The SW discharge occurs at an extremely low rf power and plasma density, which are lower than a capacitive-coupling discharge region.