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991.
Vacuum expectation values for the Schwinger model are computed within the path integral formalism for an instanton vacuum. The calculations are done in flat Euclidean space and use the wellknown anomaly result. It can be demonstrated that the instanton vacuum is absolutely necessary to obtain a consistent quantization. At last the results are compared to a similar treatment on the sphere and to the operator solution of the Schwinger model.Supported by Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung in Österreich, Projekt Nr. P8444-TEC 相似文献
992.
W. D. Wu A. Keren L. P. Le G. M. Luke B. J. Sternlieb Y. J. Uemura D. C. Johnston B. K. Cho P. Gehring 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,86(1):615-621
Muon spin relaxation (SR) studies have been performed in the normal spinel LiTi2O4 and the A-15 superconductor V3Si to measure the magnetic penetration depth . The relaxation rate(T) 1/2 in field-cooled measurements shows a sharp increase belowT
c
followed by saturation at low temperatures in both systems. This feature implies an isotropic energy gap without anomalous zeros, and most likelys-wave pairing. The low temperature penetration depth (T 0) is determined to be 2100Å for LiTi2O4 and 1300Å for V3Si respectively. Assuming a clean limit relation –2 n
s
/m
*, we derive the Fermi temperatureT
F
n
s/
2/3
m
* from the relaxation rate and the Sommerfeld constant asT
F
3/4–1/4. Unlike conventional superconductors, both LiTi2O4 and V3Si have a large ratio ofT
c
/T
F
0.01, only slightly smaller than those ratios in more exotic superconductors.We thank C. Ballard and K. Hoyle for technical assistance. Work at Columbia University is supported by NSF Grant No. DMR-89-13784 and Packard Foundation (YJU). Ames Laboratory is operated for the U. S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-82. Work at Ames was supported by the Director for Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. 相似文献
993.
P. Dalmas De Reotier A. Yaouanc P. C. M. Gubbens B. Chevalier 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,85(1):227-232
We have studied bySR spectroscopy the intermetallicsUTr
2Si2 where Tr=Co, Rh or Pt. Whereas for the Co compound we only get information on the muon localisation site, from the other two materials we obtain information on their electronic properties. We compare the characteristics of theirSR response. 相似文献
994.
Zero and longitudinal field SR has been used to probe the magnetic state of amorphous Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox prepared by rapid quenching from the melt. The results suggest quasi-static spin correlations between extremely dilute Cu2+ ions.Work performed while at the J J Thomson Physical Laboratory, University of Reading. 相似文献
995.
A. Yaouanc P. Dalmas De Reotier P. C. M. Gubbens A. A. Moolenaar A. A. Menovsky C. E. Snel 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,85(1):351-356
We report zero field and longitudinal fieldSR measurements on single crystals of the ferromagnet PrRu2Si2 (T
c15K). BetweenT=T
c and 250K we observe a quasi-static spin dynamics of the Pr3+ ion sub-lattice. BelowT
c, depending on the orientation of the initial muon beam polarisation relative to thec axis of the compound, we find either an oscillating signal or an exponential depolarisation function. These latter data allow us to get information related to the muon in PrRu2Si2. 相似文献
996.
A. D. Al-Rawwas C. E. Johnson M. F. Thomas S. E. Dann M. T. Weiler 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,93(1):1521-1529
Mössbauer spectra have been recorded at 4.2 and 300 K on the series La1–x
Sr
x
FeO3, wherex varies from 0 to 1.0 in steps of 0.1. Neutron diffraction experiments have shown that the crystal structure is orthorhombic for 0x<0.3, rhombohedral for 0.4x0.7, and cubic for 0.8<x1.0. Mössbauer spectra at 4.2 K are composed of magnetic sextet components arising from different charge states of iron ions. In the orthorhombic and rhombohedral phases, the charge states Fe3+ and Fe5+ coexist. In the cubic phase, iron is present as Fe3+ and Fe4+ states. At 300 K, the samples are magnetically ordered in the range 0 x0.3 and the coexistence of Fe3+ and Fe5+ remains. For samples 0.4x1.0, the samples are paramagnetic. Fits to these spectra require two components, one corresponding to an Fe4+ state, the other being best described as an Fe3+ ion forx0.7 but forx>0.7 having a mean charge state which increases to 3.5 forx=1.0. 相似文献
997.
Cr1-x
Fe
x
and Mn1-x
Fe
x
films were prepared at room temperature by thermal coevaporation at a deposition rate of about 25 Å/min. It was found that an amorphous phase can be obtained for Cr1-x
Fe
x
(0.25<x<0.60) films, while a metastable-Mn-type phase was observed for Mn1-x
Fe
x
(x<0.70) films. The influence of the structure on the magnetic properties has been studied. The amorphization ability of the two systems was discussed in terms of thermodynamic considerations. 相似文献
998.
R. L. Lichti K. H. Chow D. W. Cooke S. F. J. Cox E. A. Davis R. C. DuVarney T. L. Estle B. Hitti S. R. Kreitzman R. Macrae C. Schwab A. Singh 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,86(1):711-716
Longitudinal-field muon-spin depolarization rates in high-purityGe and semiinsulatingGaAs are reported and compared to similar data for intrinsicSi. Depolarization onset temperatures provide a comparison of charge carrier concentrations leading to rapid charge exchange and a shift in the onset, for n-typeGaAs verifies anelectron process. The temperature dependence of the low-field rate constants imply more complicated dynamics inGe than observed earlier inSi. Features near 750K inGaAsTe appear consistent with dissociation of aMu-Te pair.This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation (DMR-8917639 [TLE, BH]), the Science and Engineering Research Council of the UK (EAD, AS, SFJC), the Robert A. Welch Foundation (D-1053 [RLL], and C-1048 [TLE]), and a NATO Collaborative Research Grant (RLL, SFJC, RCD, CS). We wish to thank D.A. Vanderwater of Hewlett Packard for providing theGaAsTe sample. 相似文献
999.
B. Hitti S. R. Kreitzman T. L. Estle R. L. Lichti K. H. Chow J. W. Schneider C. D. Lamp P. Mendels 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,86(1):673-679
The radio frequencySR technique developed at TRIUMF was used to measure the temperature dependence of the diamagnetic muon, Mu, and Mu* amplitudes in silicon between 10 K and 500 K. Six samples doped with phosphorus (n-type) and boron (p-type) in the concentration range 1011 to 1015 cm–3 were studied. In pure Si a very good fit over the whole temperature range is obtained from a model that includes the ionization of Mu* and Mu to a bond centered
+ followed at high temperature by charge exchange involving Mu. 相似文献
1000.
O. Hartmann E. Karlsson R. Wäppling L. Asch S. Henneberger G. M. Kalvius A. Kratzer H. -H. Klauß F. J. Litterst M. A. C. De Melo 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,85(1):251-258
We have studied the muon precession frequency in a ferromagnetic single crystal of Gd metal. The overall features of our findings are compatible with earlier results on polycrystalline material. In the temperature region between 245 and 220 K where the Gd magnetization starts to turn away from the c-axis, we observe an increase in the muon depolarization rate, and a complex precession signal which can be separated into two frequency components meaning that spin turning does not occur simultaneously in different parts of the sample (domains). From these more detailed data follows that previously obtained values forB
fc andB
dip can not both be correct. Two explanations for our new result are possible: EitherB
fc undergoes a change around 230 K which is directly coupled to the spin turning angle, or the value of the dipolar field contribution used in the earlier evaluation is too low. This imposes some uncertainty as to the value of the angle at the onset of spin turning derived fromSR frequencies. 相似文献