Carbon dioxide conversion into the reaction intermediate sodium formate for the synthesis of formic acid

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from anthropogenic activities are a contributing factor to the growing global warming worldwide. The economical method...     

Cost-effective fabrication of perdurable electrodeposited TiO2 nano-layers on stainless steel electrodes applicable to photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Titanium oxide nano-layers were fabricated by a direct electrodeposition method, including Ti as anode and stainless steel as cathode in a non-aqueous media....     

Self-dual Yang-Mills equations in split signature

We study the self-dual Yang-Mills equations in split signature. We give a special solution, called the basic split instanton, and describe the ADHM construction in the split signature. Moreover a split version of t'Hooft ansatz is described.     

Proteomics Profiling of the Urine of Patients with Hyperthyroidism after Anti-Thyroid Treatment

Hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by increased circulating thyroid hormone levels, alters the body’s metabolic and systemic hemodynamic balance and directly influences renal function. In this study, the urinary proteome of patients with hyperthyroidism was characterized using an untargeted proteomic approach with network analysis. Urine samples were collected from nine age-matched patients before and after carbimazole treatment. Differences in the abundance of urinary proteins between hyperthyroid and euthyroid states were determined using a 2D-DIGE coupled to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Alterations in the abundance of urinary proteins, analyzed via Progenesis software, revealed a statistically significant difference in abundance in a total of 40 spots corresponding to 32 proteins, 25 up and 7 down (≥1.5-fold change, ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). The proteins identified in the study are known to regulate processes associated with cellular metabolism, transport, and acute phase response. The notable upregulated urinary proteins were serotransferrin, transthyretin, serum albumin, ceruloplasmin, alpha-1B-glycoprotein, syntenin-1, and glutaminyl peptide cyclotransferase, whereas the three notable downregulated proteins were plasma kallikrein, protein glutamine gamma-glutamyl transferase, and serpin B3 (SERPINB3). Bioinformatic analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) identified the dysregulation of pathways associated with cellular compromise, inflammatory response, cellular assembly, and organization and identified the involvement of the APP and AKT signaling pathways via their interactions with interleukins as the central nodes.     

Stationary solutions for nonlinear dispersive Schrödinger’s equation

This paper carries out the integration of the nonlinear dispersive Schrödinger’s equation by the aid of Lie group analysis. The stationary solutions are obtained. The two types of nonlinearity that are studied in this paper are power law and dual-power law so that the cases of Kerr law and parabolic law nonlinearity fall out as special cases.     

Unprecedented Role of Hydronaphthoquinone Tautomers in Biosynthesis

Quinones and hydroquinones are among the most common cellular cofactors, redox mediators, and natural products. Here, we report on the reduction of 2‐hydroxynaphthoquinones to the stable 1,4‐diketo tautomeric form of hydronaphthoquinones and their further reduction by fungal tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase. The very high diastereomeric and enantiomeric excess, together with the high yield of cis‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐1‐tetralone, exclude an intermediary hydronaphthoquinone. Labeling experiments with NADPH and NADPD corroborated the formation of an unexpected 1,4‐diketo tautomeric form of 2‐hydroxyhydronaphthoquinone as a stable intermediate. Similar 1,4‐diketo tautomers of hydronaphthoquinones were established as products of the NADPH‐dependent enzymatic reduction of other 1,4‐naphthoquinones, and as substrates for different members of the superfamily of short‐chain dehydrogenases. We propose an essential role of hydroquinone diketo tautomers in biosynthesis and detoxification processes.     

A Convenient Synthesis of Sendaverine

Sendaverine was isolated from Corydalis aurea willd by Manske and it was found to possess a tetrahydro-isoquinoline skeleton¹. The structural formula of the alkaloid has been established by the unambiguous synthesis by Kametani² and Miwako Mori et al.³     

Calculation of the Density and Activity of Water in ATPS Systems for Separation of Biomolecules

In this study, the perturbed hard sphere chain equation of state is utilized to calculate the activity of water in binary and ternary solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG), salt and water. The liquid density of the binary and ternary solutions is also predicted. To estimate the water activity in PEG–water binary systems, a linear correlation is obtained for the binary interaction parameter between water and PEG. Then, using this correlation and without introducing any additional binary parameters, the water activities are predicted in ternary solutions of water, salt and PEG with different molecular weights (MW). Our results show that the mean absolute average relative deviation (AARD %) of water activity for binary PEG–water solutions in 298 K is 0.73 %. In addition, the water activity in ternary solutions of water and two PEGs with different MW is predicted within 0.31 % AARD %. Furthermore, the AARD % for prediction of water activities in binary PEG–water solutions over the temperature range 308–338 K is 0.41 %. Also, the water activities of aqueous two-phase systems are predicted with AARD % = 0.64 %. In this regard, no adjustable parameters were correlated between salt and PEG. Finally, liquid densities were predicted in binary solutions of water–PEG and ternary solutions of water–PEG–salt.