Studies in\bar p p annihilation

Evidence is presented that \(\bar p\) p annihilation proceeds via the formation of two jets, with average transverse momentum of the order of the nucleon mass. The implications of this behaviour is linked to the measured cross sections and multiplicities, and explanations for it have been sought in the underlying gluon and quark constituents of the \(\bar p\) p system. The confrontation of the suggested constituent mechanisms and experimental data lead to the concept that charm meson production may play a significant role in the \(\bar p\) p experiments at the highest available energies.     

The Surface Energy of MgO: Multiscale Reconstruction from Thermal Groove Geometry

The surface energy of MgO is determined using experimental data collected from equilibrated thermal grooves circumscribing island grains. Local equilibrium assumptions at each groove require that the Herring equations be satisfied at each data site, thereby yielding a large and overdetermined system of equations involving the surface energy . This inverse problem is then solved using a new technique that is statistical in nature and multiscale in implementation. The resulting discrete solution represents a statistically significant representation of the surface energy of MgO as a function of surface orientation. Comparisons to results derived from a more traditional approach, along with suggested further applications, are discussed.     

Prime Quasientropy and Quasichaos

We construct a prime symmetry relation for integers that is equivalent to Goldbach's conjecture and show that numerical computations of this prime symmetry property strongly resemble a chaotic sequence. We define and examine the notions of global and local prime quasientropies. Finally, we employ the fact that the prime number sequence satisfies the property of deterministic randomness to consider its utility for the field of quantum computation.     

Nonabelian orbifolds and the boson-fermion correspondence

For a positive integerl divisible by 8 there is a (bosonic) holomorphic vertex operator algebra (VOA) associated to the spin lattice _l . For a broad class of finite groupsG of automorphisms of we prove the existence and uniqueness of irreducibleg-twisted -modules and establish the modular-invariance of the partition functionsZ(g, h, ) for commuting elements inG. In particular, for any finite group there are infinitely many holomorphic VOAs admittingG for which these properties hold. The proof is facilitated by a boson-fermion correspondence which gives a VOA isomorphism between and a certain fermionic construction, and which extends work of Frenkel and others.Supported by NSA grant MDA904-92-H-3099.Supported by NSF grant DMS-9122030.     

Measurements of F2 and xF(nu)(3) - xF(nu;)(3) from CCFR nu(mu)-Fe and nu;(mu)-Fe Data in a Physics Model-Independent Way

We report on the extraction of the structure functions F2 and DeltaxF(3) = xF(nu)(3)-xF(nu;)(3) from CCFR nu(mu)-Fe and nu;(mu)-Fe differential cross sections. The extraction is performed in a physics model-independent (PMI) way. This first measurement of DeltaxF(3), which is useful in testing models of heavy charm production, is higher than current theoretical predictions. The ratio of the F2 (PMI) values measured in nu(mu) and mu scattering is in agreement (within 5%) with the predictions of next-to-leading-order parton distribution functions using massive charm production schemes, thus resolving the long-standing discrepancy between the two sets of data.     

The echocardiophone: A new means for observing spatial movement of the heart

The paper describes a new pocket size instrument called the ‘Cardiophone’ for the diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction. It is a continuous wave swept frequency ultrasonic echo-location system which produces dynamic auditory signals corresponding to the positional change of internal structures of the heart. The four valves are relatively easy to locate compared with conventional ECG machines. Preliminary clinical evaluation results are presented indicating the potential of the instrument for the general practitioner.     

Airborne ultrasound for the precipitation of smokes and powders and the destruction of foams

Sonochemistry is generally associated with the use of power ultrasound in liquid media. Under such circumstances acoustic cavitation can drive a range of reactions and processes. The use of airborne ultrasound in processing is less familiar because of the difficulties that relate to the use of ultrasound in gaseous systems. Firstly there is a greater attenuation (power loss) in the transmission of sound through air compared with that through liquid. Secondly the transfer of acoustic energy generated in air into a liquid or solid material is inefficient due to the mismatch between acoustic impedances of gases and solids or liquids. Despite this, applications do exist for airborne ultrasound but the source must be very powerful and efficient. In this way one can obtain levels of intensities at which it is possible to use ultrasound for specific applications such as to agglomerate fine dusts and to break down foams.     

A review of research into the uses of low level ultrasound in cancer therapy

The use of low power ultrasound in therapeutic medicine is a developing field and this review will concentrate on the applications of this technology in cancer therapy. The effects of low power ultrasound have been evaluated in terms of the biological changes induced in the structure and function of tissue. The main fields of study have been in sonodynamic therapy, improving chemotherapy, gene therapy and apoptosis therapy. The range of ultrasonic power levels that can be effectively employed in therapy appears to be narrow and this may have hindered past research in the applications in cancer treatment.