The axisymmetrical response of a circular cylindrical double-shell system with internal damping

The axisymmetrical response of a circular cylindrical double-shell system with internal damping to a time-dependent surface load is determined by the matrix analysis method. For this purpose, the equations of vibration of the system based upon the Goldenveizer-Novozhilov theory are written as a coupled set of first order differential equations by the use of the state vector of the system. Once the vector has been determined by quadrature of the equations, the steady state response is calculated numerically together with the natural frequencies in terms of the elements of the transfer matrix of the system under any combination of boundary conditions. By the application of the method, the dynamic response and the resonant frequencies (the natural frequencies) are calculated numerically for a double-shell system simply supported at the edges.     

Simultaneous determination of seven trace impurities (Al, As, Cr, Fe, Ti, V and Zr) in high-purity nickel metal and nickel oxide by coprecipitation and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

Nickel is not coprecipitated with lanthanum hydroxide in ammonium hydroxide solution because it forms rapidly soluble nickel ammine complexes. This behaviour is used for the separation of Ni matrix from trace elements. These are simultaneously and quantitatively coprecipitated with lanthanum hydroxide at pH 10.0 and separated from the Ni matrix. Seven trace elements (Al, As, Cr, Fe, Ti, V and Zr) in Ni metal and 3 certified elements (Cr, Fe and Ti) in a standard reference material of nickel oxide have been simultaneously determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).     

Amino wagging and inversion in hydrazine: K′ = 1 levels in the first excited state of the antisymmetric wagging vibration

The infrared absorption spectrum of NH₂NH₂ vapor has been observed in the region 899–1077 cm^?1, where the antisymmetric wagging band (v_a = 1 ← 0) appears, by the use of a Fourier transform spectrometer with a practical resolution of 0.003 cm^?1. In the region 925.0–925.6 cm^?1, the spectrum was also observed with a tunable diode laser, and a component, β, of the ^pQ₂ cluster has been further resolved. Most of the absorption lines assignable to β-^pP₂(J″), γ-^pP₂(J″), β-^pQ₂(J″), γ-^rQ₀(J″), β-^rR₀(J″), and γ-^rR₀(J″), where J″ = 2 ～ 15, have been identified. From these observed transition frequencies, in combination with the ground state energy levels given by microwave spectroscopy, the energy level structure of the K′ = 1 rotational states was determined. From this, the following molecular parameters for the v_a = 1 state were determined: molecular asymmetry, B′-C″ = 0.00017 cm^?1; a parameter q₅ describing an umbrella motion Coriolis interaction (q₅K) about the a axis, q₅ = ?0.0030 cm^?1; its J(J + 1) variation, q_5j = 0.00014 cm^?1; and a parameter describing an umbrella-motion K-type doubling g₅J(J + 1), g₅ = 0.000021 cm^?1.     

Spin-crossover phenomena of the assembled iron complexes by enclathrating an organic molecule

Assembled complex, Fe(bpa)₂(NCX)₂ (bpa=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane; X=S, Se, BH₃) enclathrated diphenylmethane. The skeletons were interpenetrating structures for NCS and NCSe complexes, while 2D grid structure was obtained for NCBH₃ complex. The assembled iron complexes showed spin-crossover phenomena by enclathrating diphenylmethane. The ratio of spin transition and the transition temperature depended on the assembled structure.     

Development of an amphiphilic resin‐dispersion of nanopalladium and nanoplatinum catalysts: Design,preparation, and their use in green organic transformations

An amphiphilic polymer resin‐dispersion of nanoparticles of palladium was designed and prepared with a view toward use for catalysis in water. The amphiphilic polystyrene‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PS‐PEG) resin‐dispersion of nanoparticles of palladium exhibited high catalytic performance in the hydrodechlorination of chloroarenes under aqueous conditions. The amphiphilic resin‐supported nanopalladium and nanoplatinum particles also catalyzed aerobic oxidation of various alcohols including nonactivated aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols, which is one of the most fundamental and important yet immature processes in organic chemistry, in water under an atmospheric pressure of oxygen gas to form aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids to meet green chemical requirements. Viologen polymer‐supported nanopalladium catalyst realized α‐alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols as the alkylating agents. © 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 51–65; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20165     

Estimation of Surface Structure and Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Site of Shape‐Controlled Pt Nanoparticles

Surface structures of shape‐controlled Pt nanoparticles have been estimated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). Cubic and cuboctahedral Pt nanoparticles are prepared using a capping polymer. These nanoparticles give CVs similar to those of single crystal electrodes of Pt in sulfuric acid solution. The CV of cubic nanoparticles is similar to that of the Pt(510) [=5(100)–(110)] electrode, while the CV of cuboctahedral nanoparticles is reproduced well with the convolution of Pt(766) [=13(111)–(100)] and Pt(17 1 1) [=9(100)–(111)] electrodes. These results suggest that the planes of the cubic and cuboctahedral nanoparticles are composed of step‐terrace and atomically flat terraces, respectively. Adsorbed carbon monoxide (CO) on the shape‐controlled nanoparticles gives the IR bands that are assigned to on‐top and bridged CO. The band of on‐top CO is deconvoluted to two bands: the higher and the lower frequency bands are assigned to the CO on the plane and the edges of the nanoparticles, respectively. On‐top CO adsorbed on the edges is oxidized at more negative potential than that on the planes. Edge sites of the nanoparticles promote CO oxidation.     

An Integrated Circuit for Two-Dimensional Edge-Detection with Local Adaptation Based on Retinal Networks

We designed an integrated circuit for edge detection of a two-dimensional image based on the vertebrate outer retina, which has wide dynamic range in image processing. The unit circuit is simple, and operates as a current-mode analog metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) circuit. In order to extract edges from an image composed of bright and dark domains, the circuit realizes a function called local adaptation in which the sensitivity adapts to local brightness of the image. Simulation results, using the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE), of two-dimensional Gaussian-distributed images in which the intensity ranged over four orders of magnitude, showed the local adaptation. As a result, the intensity of output images was in the range of one order of magnitude. Furthermore, as the simulation result of real images, it was shown that edges in the dark domain, which was five times darker than the bright domain, were successfully detected as the bright domain in which input photocurrents ranged over two orders of magnitude.     

Theoretical comparison of cylindrical and square-planar luminescent solar concentrators

The optical concentration of a cylindrical luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) is compared to that of the more conventional square-planar LSC. It is found that when luminescence occurs close to the surface the optical concentration of a cylindrical LSC is 1.0–1.9 times higher than that of a square-planar LSC of equivalent collection area and volume, depending on the absorption coefficient of the host material. An additional increase in optical concentration of at least ∼4.5% can be attained by aligning cylinders side by side to take advantage of multiple reflections between neighbouring cylinders; it is shown that this multi-cylindrical LSC reflects less incident light than a planar LSC for any angle of incidence. PACS 42.79.Ek; 84.60.Jt