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971.
972.
We present five new cubature formula in the triangle and square for exact integration of polynomials. The points were computed numerically with a cardinal function algorithm which does not impose any symmetry requirements on the points. Cubature formula are presented which integrate degrees 10, 11 and 12 in the triangle and degrees 10 and 12 in the square. They have positive weights, contain no points outside the domain, and have fewer points than previously known results. 相似文献
973.
Polymer nanocomposites composed of poly(styrene‐ran‐vinyl phenol) (PSVPh) copolymers and 5 wt % multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared by three different methods, including melt‐mixing and precipitation. The MWNTs were either oxidized to incorporate oxygenated defects or utilized as received. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and the extent of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between MWNTs and PSVPh was quantified by infrared (IR). Our DMA results suggest that melt‐mixing leads to more stable morphologies of the final nanocomposites than precipitation. Additionally, the IR analysis of the nanocomposites indicates melt‐mixing can result in the formation of more intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the MWNTs and PSVPh than precipitation, and thus suggests that melt‐mixing leads to more reproducible mechanical properties than precipitation. Our DMA and IR results may provide guidelines to realize the desired morphologies and to improve the properties of polymer carbon nanotube nanocomposites by optimizing intermolecular interactions between MWNTs and polymers using processing. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1747–1759, 2008 相似文献
974.
975.
Mark B. Hazuka Jeannie J. Kinzie Kathleen A. Davis David A. DeBoise 《Magnetic resonance imaging》1989,7(6):669-676
Thirteen patients with abnormal brain MR scans attributable to treatment-induced injury were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were treated with radiation therapy and 62% received chemotherapy. Five patients were graded as having severe white matter (WM) changes, four had moderate WM changes, and four had mild WM changes. CT was generally equivalent to MR in evaluation of severe and moderate WM abnormalities, whereas MR was superior to CT in detection of mild WM abnormalities. In general, the severity of changes depicted by MR/CT correlated with the extent of neurologic dysfunction. The most severe changes were seen in those patients treated with combination irradiation and chemotherapy. 相似文献
976.
977.
Maurice C.G. Aalders Nine v.d. Vange Fiona A. Stewart Marloes G. Klein Mark J. v.d. Vijver Henricus J.C.M. Sterenborg 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》1999,50(2-3):88-93
This study has investigated damage to the intraperitoneal organs of the rat after systemic (intraperitoneal and intravenous) administration of low doses of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and illumination with a standard white-light operating-room (o.r.) lamp. The study has been done within the framework of a larger study in which the possibility of using ALA for localization of small-volume macroscopically nonvisible peritoneal metastasis of ovarian tumors is being investigated. Fluorescence diagnostics are done in addition to the standard staging and localization procedures, either through a laparoscope or during laparotomy. In these circumstances, fluorescence diagnostics involve some risk of photosensitization of critical organs since a broad-band (o.r.) light source is used during the surgical procedures for illumination of the operating area. The drug dose and the time interval between administration of ALA and illumination are varied and normal tissues are examined both macroscopically and microscopically for damage. A relationship is demonstrated between the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of ALA (defined as the dose that does not cause any tissue damage) and the time interval between administration and illumination. The white light that is used for illumination of the operating area is sufficient to induce damage to the peritoneal organs at relatively low ALA doses. The MDTs for 2, 6 and 16 h intervals are found to be respectively 1, 10 and 100 mg kg−1. The results are similar for both intraperitoneal and intravenous administration. 相似文献
978.
Martijn D.P. Risseeuw Gijs A. van der Marel Herman S. Overkleeft Mark Overhand 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2009,20(6-8):945-951
The design, synthesis and application of oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane amino acids as conformationally restricted sugar amino acid dipeptide isosteres are reported. 相似文献
979.
Sunkyu Park David K. Johnson Claudia I. Ishizawa Philip A. Parilla Mark F. Davis 《Cellulose (London, England)》2009,16(4):641-647
The crystallinity index of cellulose is an important parameter to establish because of the effect this property has on the
utilization of cellulose as a material and as a feedstock for biofuels production. However, it has been found that the crystallinity
index varies significantly depending on the choice of instrument and data analysis technique applied to the measurement. We
introduce in this study a simple and straightforward method to evaluate the crystallinity index of cellulose. This novel method
was developed using solid state 13C NMR and subtraction of the spectrum of a standard amorphous cellulose. The crystallinity indexes of twelve different celluloses
were measured and the values from this method were compared with the values obtained by other existing methods, including
methods based on X-ray diffraction. An interesting observation was that the hydration of the celluloses increased their crystallinity
indexes by about 5%, suggesting that addition of water increased cellulose order for all the cellulose samples studied. 相似文献