The nature of sound and vision in relation to colour

The increasing role of sound within the visual arts context and the trend in postmodernism towards interdisciplinary artworks has demanded a heightened awareness of the audio-visual. This paper explores some of the fundamental physical properties of both sound and colour, their similarities and differences and how the audio and visual senses are related. Ways in which soundscapes have been combined with paintings in exhibitions by the author will be used to illustrate how the two media can be combined to enhance the overall artistic experience.     

Validation of a simple liquid chromatographic method for determination and quantitation of residual ivermectin and doramectin in pig liver

A rapid and quantitative method for the extraction, derivatization, and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection of ivermectin (IVM) and doramectin (DOM) residues in porcine liver was developed and validated. IVM and DOM were extracted from the liver samples with acetonitrile, the supernatant was evaporated to dryness at 37 degrees C under nitrogen, and the residue was reconstituted in 1-methylimidazole solution. After 2 min at room temperature, IVM and DOM were converted to a fluorescent derivative and then separated on a Hypersil ODS column. The derivatives of IVM and DOM were detected and quantitated with high specificity by fluorescence (excitation: 365 nm, emission: 475 nm). Abamectin was used as an internal standard. The mean extraction efficiencies from fortified samples (15 ng/g) were 75% for IVM and 70% for DOM. The limit of detection was 0.8 ng/g for both IVM and DOM.     

Changes in orcine muscle water characteristics during growth--an in vitro low-field NMR relaxation study

This study investigates the effects of developmental stage and muscle type on the mobility and distribution of water within skeletal muscles, using low-field (1)H-NMR transverse relaxation measurements in vitro on four different porcine muscles (M. longissimus dorsi, M. semitendinosus, M. biceps femoris, M. vastus intermedius) from a total of 48 pigs slaughtered at various weight classes between 25 kg and 150 kg. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed effects of both slaughter weight and muscle type on the transverse relaxation decay. Independent of developmental stage and muscle type, distributed exponential analysis of the NMR T(2) relaxation data imparted the existence of three distinct water populations, T(2b), T(21), and T(22), with relaxation times of approximately 1-10, 45-120, and 200-500 ms, respectively. The most profound change during muscle growth was a shift toward faster relaxation in the intermediate time constant, T(21). It decreased by approx. 24% in all four muscle types during the period from 25 to 150 kg live weight. Determination of dry matter, fat, and protein content in the muscles showed that the changes in relaxation time of the intermediate time constant, T(21), during growth should be ascribed mainly to a change in protein content, as the protein content explained 77% of the variation in the T(21) time constant. Partial least squares (PLS) regression revealed validated correlations in the region of 0.58 to 0.77 between NMR transverse relaxation data and muscle development for all the four muscle types, which indicates that NMR relaxation measurements may be used in the prediction of muscle developmental stage.     

Hemispiroalkaplanes: hydrocarbon cage systems with a pyramidal-tetracoordinate carbon atom and remarkable basicity

A new class of saturated hydrocarbons, in which a spiropentane-type unit is bound by a cyclic hydrocarbon, has been investigated by using ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the B3-LYP and MP2 levels. These molecules have been given the trivial name hemispiroalkaplanes. Hemialkaplanes, which are analogous molecules built-up from a neopentane-type unit and a cyclic hydrocarbon, have also been examined. The hemispiroalkaplanes are predicted to contain a pyramidal-tetracoordinate carbon atom that possesses a lone pair of electrons. Protonation at this apical carbon atom is found to be highly favourable, resulting in a remarkably high basicity for a saturated hydrocarbon. The proton affinities of the hemispiroalkaplanes are calculated to be more than 1170 kJmol(-1), even greater than that of the diamine "proton sponges". Structural parameters, heats of formation and strain energies for the novel hydrocarbons are detailed.     

Zusammenhang der Fixpunktmenge bei kompakten Volterra-Operatoren

We show that the set of fixed points of a compact and uniformly finite approachable Volterra-OperatorT∶X→X, X aF-normed function-space, is not empty, compact and connected inX and apply this result to several differential and integral equations.      

A 7.3 ms isomer of 161Lu

An isomer of ¹⁶¹Lu with a half-life of 7.3 ± 0.4 ms has been discovered in the heavy-ion reaction ¹⁴⁸Sm(¹⁹F, 6n)^161mLu. Oneγ-ray transition with energy 135.8 ± 0.2 keV was observed, and a K-conversion coefficient of 1.1 ± 0.3 deduced in the decay of this isomer.