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81.
A. Lang B. Blättel W. Cassing V. Koch U. Mosel K. Weber 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1991,340(3):287-295
Within a covariant BUU-approach we simulate heavyion collisions at various bombarding energies from 400 MeV/u to 1 GeV/u. We evaluate locally the energymomentum tensorT
v
(x), and extract pressures, energydensities and temperatures. The connection of these thermodynamical quantities to experimental observables and their sensitivity to the equation of state is discussed. Furthermore, we investigate the question of local equilibration and evaluate the entropy produced in these reactions.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. P. Kienle on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Work supported by BMFT and GSI Darmstadt 相似文献
82.
Armstrong TA Bettoni D Bharadwaj V Biino C Borreani G Broemmelsiek D Buzzo A Calabrese R Ceccucci A Cester R Church M Dalpiaz P Dalpiaz PF Dibenedetto R Dimitroyannis D Fabbri MG Fast J Gianoli A Ginsburg CM Gollwitzer K Hahn A Hasan M Hsueh S Lewis R Luppi E Macrí M Majewska AM Mandelkern M Marchetto F Marinelli M Marques J Marsh W Martini M Masuzawa M Menichetti E Migliori A Mussa R Palestini S Pallavicini M Pastrone N Patrignani C Peoples J Pesando L Petrucci F Pia MG Pordes S Rapidis P 《Physical review letters》1992,69(16):2337-2340
83.
84.
85.
R. Schmiele W. Lüthy P. -D. Henchoz H. P. Weber 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1982,29(3):201-203
We report on the operation of a thallium photodissociation laser with an active medium in the form of a thin layer on a quartz wall. Laser emission has been obtained with layer thicknesses below 100 m. This gas laser seems to be feasible with an active volume as small as 10–1 to 10–2 mm3. 相似文献
86.
Wilhelmsson LM Westerlund F Lincoln P Nordén B 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2002,124(41):12092-12093
We here report a remarkably slow rearrangement of binding modes for a binuclear ruthenium(II) complex upon interaction with DNA. It has been previously shown that Delta,Delta-[mu-(11,11'-bidppz)(phen)4Ru2]4+ binds to DNA in one of the grooves. However, we find that this is only an initial, metastable, binding mode, which is extremely slowly reorganized into an intercalative binding geometry. The slow rearrangement and dissociation, revealed by flow linear dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, are concluded to be a result from the complex being threaded through the DNA, with one of the bridging aromatic dppz ligands intercalated between the base pairs of the DNA, placing one metal center in the minor groove and one in the major groove. A negative LD, a high luminescence quantum yield, and long luminescence lifetimes, similar to the intercalating complex Delta-[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+, indicate intercalation of the bidppz moiety. The unique slow dissociation of the complex in its final DNA-binding mode suggests that this class of threading, partially intercalated binuclear complexes may be interesting in the context of cancer therapy. Also, their unique optical and photophysical properties could make such complexes, either alone or scaffolded by DNA structures, of interest for the development of nanometer-sized molecular optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
87.
Napoleon Thantu Peter M. Weber 《Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters》1993,28(3):191-194
We report the vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectrum of phenanthrene obtained by two photon ionization via theS 2 electronic state. The experiments were performed with picosecond laser pulses with a bandwidth sufficiently large to span a significant fraction of the intermediate resonance state. Therefore the photoelectron spectrum is dominated by signal corresponding to the unrelaxed intermediate resonance, in spite of this state's 420 fs lifetime. 相似文献
88.
Na2 is excited (B1Πu←X1Σ g + ) in the presence of noble gases (20–700 Torr). The Na2 fluorescence decay shows two lifetimes: a short component which corresponds to the well known lifetime of Na2 in the B1Πu state [1], and a long component with a lifetime of about 0,1 μs which depends strongly on the noble gas density [2]. The same long lived radiative decay is also seen via the Na resonance fluorescence Na(32S)←Na(32P). 相似文献
89.
Summary Let A be a symmetric N × N real-matrix-valued function on a connected region in Rn, with A positive definite a.e. and A, A−1 locally integrable. Let b and c be locally integrable, non-negative, real-valued functions on Ω, with c positive a.e. Put
a(u, v) = =
((A∇u, ∇v) + buv) dx. We consider in X the weak boundary value problem a(u, v) = =
fvcdx, all v ε X; where X is a suitable Hilbert space contained in H
loc
1,1
(Ω). Criteria are given in order that the Green's operator for this problem have an integral representation and bounded eigenfunctions;
in addition, criteria for compactness are given.
Entrata in Redazione il 21 giugno 1975.
Research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant GP-28377A2. 相似文献
90.
One of the most intriguing aspects of synthetic chemistry is the interplay of numerous dependent and independent variables en route to achieve a successful, high-yielding chemical transformation. The experienced synthetic chemist will probe many of these variables during reaction development and optimization, which will routinely involve investigation of reaction temperature, solvent, stoichiometry, concentration, time, choice of catalyst, addition sequence or quenching conditions just to name some commonly addressed variables. Remarkably, little attention is typically given to the choice of reaction vessel material as the surface of common laboratory borosilicate glassware is, incorrectly, assumed to be chemically inert. When reviewing the scientific literature, careful consideration of the vessel material is typically only given during the use of well-known glass-etching reagents such as HF, which is typically only handled in HF-resistant, polyfluorinated polymer vessels. However, there are examples of chemical transformations that do not involve such reagents but are still clearly influenced by the choice of reaction vessel material. In the following review, we wish to condense the most significant examples of vessel effects during chemical transformations as well as observations of container-dependent stability of certain molecules. While the primary focus is on synthetic organic chemistry, relevant examples from inorganic chemistry, polymerization reactions, atmospheric chemistry and prebiotic chemistry are also covered.One of the most intriguing aspects of synthetic chemistry is the interplay of numerous dependent and independent variables en route to achieve a successful, high-yielding chemical transformation. 相似文献