Diffusion of water in molecular magnet Cu(0.75)Mn(0.75)[Fe(CN)6]·7H2O

Here we report the dynamical behaviour of water in Prussian blue analogue (PBA) Cu(0.75)Mn(0.75)[Fe(CN)(6)]·7H(2)O molecular magnet in the temperature range 260-360 K as studied using the quasielastic neutron scattering technique. While significant quasielastic broadening is observed in the hydrated sample, no broadening was observed in the dehydrated one. Data analysis showed that the observed quasielastic broadening in Cu(0.75)Mn(0.75)[Fe(CN)(6)]·7H(2)O corresponds to the dynamics of the non-coordinated water molecules at the 32f site and the coordinated water molecules at the 24e site, existing in the cavities created by the absence of Fe(CN)(6) units. The non-coordinated water molecules at 8c interstitial sites do not contribute to the broadening, suggesting that they are immobile at least within the time window of the spectrometer used. Behaviour of the elastic incoherent structure factor is consistent with the model where the water molecules undergo translational diffusion localized within the cavity of 5.1 ?. While all the non-coordinated water molecules at the 32f site are dynamic over the entire range of temperatures, the coordinated ones at the 24e site become progressively dynamic with temperature. The water molecules were found to undergo hindered (~1.16 × 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1) at 300 K) diffusion compared to bulk water and the diffusivity followed Arrhenius behaviour within the measured temperature range with an activation energy of 1.26 kcal mol(-1).     

High spin states in120Xe

High spin states in ¹²⁰Xe, populated via¹⁰⁷Ag(¹⁶O, p2n) and¹⁰⁸Pd(¹⁶O, 4n)reactions have been studied using γ-ray spectroscopic techniques. 21 new transitions have been added to extend the level scheme. Two S-bands are extended upto 26⁺ and 22⁺;these bands are found to cross the g. s band at hΩ=0. 39 and 0. 47 MeV. The band structures have been discussed within the framework of CSM.     

Nano hillock and complex crater formation by low-energy proton implantation with incident angle into lithium niobate single crystal

The formation of nano-size hillocks and simple and complex craters was observed as a result of ion–surface collisions with a lithium niobate single crystal on proton implantation. The low-energy ion implantation process is considered as a controllable and versatile tool for surface and near-surface modifications down to an atomic scale as an alternative to the swift heavy ion irradiation effect. Lithium niobate samples implanted by proton ions with a low energy of 120 keV at various fluences (10¹⁵ and 10¹⁶ protons/cm²) were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The images of surface modification appear as simple and complex crater formation in the case of incident ions at normal to the surface. Varying the angle of incidence to θ=30° with respect to the normal to the surface, hillocks and multi-hillocks were observed. The complex craters with central uplifted, cone-shaped hillocks with a height of up to 4.3 nm are surrounded by low-height (1 nm) rims. The hillock height varies from a few nanometers to 16 nm with the basal diameter from 200 to 340 nm depending on the ion implantation conditions. The complex crater and hillock formation on the lithium niobate sample surface at the collision spot with the impact of incident angle is discussed.     

Effect of corona discharge on cadmium sulphide and lead sulphide films

This paper describes the effect of corona discharge on cadmium sulphide (CdS) and lead sulphide (PbS) films prepared using the chemical route. The property of films before and after exposure to corona has been described in detail. The electronic properties of the CdS and PbS films have been studied by current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. The structural properties and surface morphology were studied by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy before and after exposing to Corona discharge. The films displayed the change in surface morphology after exposure to the corona discharge. It has been found that the films showed an increase in resistivity after exposure. This change in property has been attributed to modification in surface states. Time-dependent recovery indicated that room temperature annealing is sufficient to regain the normal resistivity of the films. The experiment was carried with the aim of studying the effect of the interaction of corona discharge on the semiconductor films and its subsequent effects.     

Synthesis and characterization of K2NiF4-type phases Ln0.5Sr1.5Mn0.5Fe0.5O4 (Ln = La, Nd, Gd, and Dy)

A systematic investigation of layered perovskite oxides with general formula Ln_0.5Sr_1.5Mn_0.5Fe_0.5O₄ (Ln?=?La, Nd, Gd, and Dy) has been undertaken mainly to understand their structural, magnetic, as well as electrical behavior. The materials were prepared by the ceramic method. X-ray data have been analyzed by using program Checkcell and the variations of various parameters are explained. It has been concluded that not only A-site cation radius, <r _A>, but also the size variance factor (σ ²) influence electrical and magnetic properties. A systematic study of electrical resistivity of all the four materials was undertaken as a function of temperature to understand the conduction mechanism. On analyzing the electrical resistivity data, it has been concluded that variable range hopping model is found to fit well. The magnetic studies suggest that the phases are antiferromagnetic and this behavior could arise from Mn⁴⁺–O–Mn⁴⁺, and Fe³⁺–O–Fe³⁺ superexchange interaction.     

Low temperature thermoelectric properties of Cu intercalated TiSe2: a charge density wave material

Y₂O₃ nanoparticles and nanorods have been firstly synthesized in bulk Ti-Y films prepared by magnetron sputtering on Si (100) substrates at different temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) are used to characterize the structure, morphology, and composition of the as-synthesized nanoparticles and nanorods. The mechanical properties of the sputtered films are investigated using nanoindentation techniques. The results indicate that both the nanoparticles and nanorods have a pure cubic Y₂O₃ structure resulting from the reaction of Y atoms with the residual O₂ in the vacuum chamber, and are free from defects and dislocations with uniform diameters of about 30 nm. The Y₂O₃ nanoparticles mainly distribute at the grain boundaries of the Ti matrix and the nanorods have lengths ranging from 250 nm to more than 1 μm with the growth direction parallel to the (002) plane. As the growth temperature elevates, the nanoparticles turn to be coarsening while more and longer nanorods are inclined to form. Compared with the Ti film, the TiY films have a remarkable increase in hardness, but do not exhibit expected increase in elastic modulus. Finally, the growth mechanism is also briefly discussed.     

Spatially Homogeneous Bianchi Type-I Universes with Variable G and Λ

In this paper, we have studied the cosmological models of Bianchi type-I universes in a different basic form filled with bulk viscous fluid, in the presence of time-dependent gravitational as well as cosmological constants. A set of new exact cosmological solutions have been obtained in both full and truncated causal theories. These solutions are suitable for describing the evolution of the universe in its early stages. The physical and dynamical consequences have been discussed in detail.     

Evidence of Dynamical Fluctuation of Target Residues in Relativistic Nuclear Interaction at 14.5 AGeV

An analysis of data of target fragments of ²⁸Si-AgBr (at 14.5 AGeV) reveals the existence of emission asymmetry in the azimuthal plane, which is found to depend on the number of target fragments. The comparison with the data of ³²S-AgBr (at 200 AGeV) and ¹⁶O-AgBr (at 60 AGeV) interactions indicates that emission asymmetry depends on the projectile mass and energy.