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971.
A wavy texture occurs in the flows of liquid crystalline polymers through a slit cell. In the present paper the development of the wavy texture is examined in pressure-driven startup flows for four types of slit cells, using a liquid crystalline solution of 50 wt% hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). There exists a comparatively long induction period until the wavy texture appears after the startup of the flow, and the induction time decreases with increasing apparent shear rate. However, it is found that the apparent shear strain at which the wavy texture emerges is independent of the apparent shear rate though the value of the apparent shear strain slightly varies with the type of flow cell. Furthermore, the light scattering experiments are carried out to examine the structure of wavy texture. After the startup of the flow, a homogeneous pattern of the light scattering quickly shrink in size and a spike pattern perpendicular to the flow direction is emphasized. While the wavy texture is seen, the ellipsoidal pattern of light scattering oscillates with the same frequency as the passage of the wavy texture. A structure of scattering objects in the wavy texture is proposed, based on the observation of change in the light scattering pattern with time. 相似文献
972.
In order to examine the flow behavior of polymer solutions through porous media, the measurement of pressure loss and the experiment for flow visualization were carried out with wavy channels as one of the model channels of porous media. The test fluids used are aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide (PAA) with two different concentrations. The occurrence of the excess pressure loss, which was not due to the effect of the centrifugal force, was found for the PAA solutions. The relations between the friction factor ratio and the Deborah number were similar to that obtained for the flow through porous media. Furthermore, the results of the flow visualization suggest that the elongational property of the PAA solutions is connected with the occurrence of the excess pressure loss. 相似文献
973.
We introduce a Vasicek-type short rate model which has two additional parameters representing memory effect. This model presents better results in yield curve fitting than the classical Vasicek model. We derive closed-form expressions for the prices of bonds and bond options. Although the model is non-Markov, there exists an associated Markov process that allows one to apply usual numerical methods to the model. We derive analogs of an affine term structure and term structure equations for the model, and, using them, we present a numerical method to evaluate contingent claims. 相似文献
974.
Chang Yi Kong Yuan Yuan Gu Masato Nakamura Toshitaka Funazukuri Seiichiro Kagei 《Fluid Phase Equilibria》2010
Binary diffusion coefficients, D12, of the metal acetylacetonates, palladium(II) acetylacetonate and cobalt(III) acetylacetonate, were measured from 308.2 to 343.2 K over the pressure range from 9 to 40 MPa at infinite dilution in supercritical carbon dioxide using the chromatographic impulse response method. The effects of pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity on D12 values were examined. It was observed that the D12 values of palladium(II) acetylacetonate and cobalt(III) acetylacetonate were larger than those of lipids with similar molecular weights, such as arachidonic acid and monoolein, respectively. Furthermore, the measured D12 data of each metal acetylacetonate were well correlated by the hydrodynamic equation D12/T as a function of carbon dioxide viscosity. 相似文献
975.
Enrico Bovero Dr. Kazuhisa Yano Dr. Tadashi Nakamura Yuri Yamada Frank C. J. M. van Veggel Prof. Dr. Ir. 《Chemphyschem》2010,11(12):2550-2554
The effects of the stop band (SB) in colloidal photonic crystals composed of silica spheres containing Eu3+‐ and Tb3+‐doped yttria nanoparticles are analysed. Reflection and transmission spectra indicate movement of the stop band, due to the 111 series of planes, towards shorter wavelengths with increasing angle of observation. The profile of the emission spectra is modified by the presence of the SB depending on the angle of measurement. Such a modification is more effective for a narrow emission band and it is thus more evident in the case of Tb3+ than Eu3+. An angular effect is also observed in the lifetime, which presents two maxima and one minimum. In the case of Tb3+ the maxima are at observation angles of 35 and 50°, and the minimum at 45°. We attribute this behaviour to penetration of the excitation beam at 475 nm modulated by the stop band. The ions excited in this way emit from different depths in the crystal, and therefore their lifetime will be affected differently by the same stop band, depending on the thickness of the crystal that must be crossed. Eu3+ shows a similar but less pronounced effect for two reasons: first, the main stop band (due to the 111 planes) is not effective at the excitation wavelength of 392 nm; second, the broadness of the Eu3+ emission is comparable to the width of the SB, and a decrease in the transition rate at the wavelength of the SB maximum is compensated by an increase at the sides of the SB. 相似文献
976.
Kenichi Murata Kazuki Kajiya Megumi Nukaga Yosuke Suga Toshiyuki Watanabe Nobuhumi Nakamura Hiroyuki Ohno 《Electroanalysis》2010,22(2):185-190
A simple method for constructing gold nanoparticle‐modified electrodes with three‐dimensional nanostructures is demonstrated. The electrodes were prepared by casting citrate‐reduced AuNPs onto polycrystalline gold electrodes. The resultant electrodes had a large surface area‐to‐volume ratio, adequate for high protein loading and conferring high stability. The gold nanoparticle electrodes were covered with a self‐assembled monolayer of 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid for electrostatic immobilization of cytochrome c (cyt c). At the electrode, direct, reversible electron transfer from cyt c was observed with remarkable stability. Moreover, an extremely high surface coverage of electrochemically active cyt c, 167 fully packed monolayers, was obtained through use of the electrode. 相似文献
977.
Sequential sigmatropic rearrangements (Claisen/Claisen and Claisen/Overman) of enantiopure allylic diols are described. The reactions proceeded in complete diastereoselectivity without protecting group manipulations. The sequential Claisen/Overman rearrangement was successfully applied to the total synthesis of (-)-kainic acid. 相似文献
978.
Shin Nakamura Yorihiko Tsunoda Ippei Nomoto Hirohiko Sato 《Hyperfine Interactions》2010,197(1-3):101-104
In order to investigate the electronic state, the local structure, and the magnetic structure of a new ion oxide Fe3B7O13(OH), we have applied 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The room-temperature values of isomer shift and quadrupole splitting are 1.16 mm/s and 3.21 mm/s, respectively, which indicate that the Fe ions are in high spin Fe2?+? state. The spectrum at 4.2 K is composed of a well-resolved hyperfine sextet with the hyperfine field of 3.6 T. In a trimer, each Fe2?+? magnetic moment is supposed to be directed from Fe2?+? to OH???. 相似文献
979.
R. Kita S. Nakamura K. Sakimoto T. Nakamura O. Miura K. Matsumoto P. Mele K. Yamada K. Kaneko A. Ichinose 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》2010,470(20):1198-1200
We investigated the effects of indium doping on the superconducting properties of YBCO sintered samples and thin films. In2O3-doped YBCO and YBa2Cu3−xInxOy sintered samples showed a gradual decrease in the critical temperature (Tc) with increasing indium content; however, a Tc value above 80 K was maintained even up to 30 vol.% addition and x = 0.4, respectively. Ba3Cu3In4O12 was detected by X-ray diffractometry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as a reaction product for both sintered samples. The normalized Jc under a magnetic field of 0.1 T showed a maximum at x = 0.3. Indium-doped YBCO films prepared by pulsed laser deposition showed a similar dependence of Tc on indium content as the sintered samples. 相似文献
980.
S. Hanyu C. TashitaT. Hayashida Y. HanadaK. Morita Y. SutohN. Nakamura H. KutamiM. Igarashi K. KakimotoY. Iijima T. Saitoh 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》2010,470(20):1227-1229
In Fujikura, a large-scale ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) system with a large ion source has been employed to fabricate biaxially textured MgO films. The large-scale IBAD system has multiple deposition lanes where substrate tapes move, and therefore we have to optimize experimental conditions at each lane. We selected an appropriate deposition area and, finally, we successfully fabricated a 1 km-length IBAD-MgO film at a production rate of 1 km/h. We also studied pulsed-laser-deposited (PLD) CeO2 films directly on the IBAD-MgO films in spite of a large lattice mismatch between CeO2 and MgO. From transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations at an interface between MgO and CeO2 films, it is revealed that there is domain-matching-epitaxy relationship between MgO and CeO2 films. We also fabricated thin (1.0 μm) and thick (3.7 μm) PLD – GdBa2Cu3O7−x (GdBCO) film on the long-length CeO2/MgO substrate (over 150 m). Critical currents (Ic) and current density (Jc) were over 300 A and 3 MA/cm2 respectively for the thin GdBCO film and were about 645 A and 1.7 MA/cm2 for the thick GdBCO film at 77 K in self-field. 相似文献