“Triple Observation Method (TOM)” to Discriminate Optically Autofluorescence from Porphyrins Versus that from Copper-Metallothioneins

We propose a conclusive difference observed between the excitation conditions required to observe porphyrins and copper-metallothioneins in cells and/or tissues using an ordinary fluorescence microscope. We have emphasized the importance of examining the spectral properties of the emissions to avoid any serious mistakes such as confusing porphyrins with copper-metallothioneins in the liver and kidneys. However, microspectrophotometry is not a conventional method for either histochemical, cytochemical, or pathological studies because microspectrophotometers are both expensive and difficult to operate. Therefore, we demonstrate a simple comparative method using ordinary excitation filter arrangements. When using our technique, it becomes possible to optically discriminate more accurately between the autofluorescence properties arising from porphyrins and those arising from copper-metallothioneins. We would like to name our simple technique “Triple Observation Method (TOM)”.     

波导厚度变动、偏振变动以及折射率变动脱敏高分子宽带耦合器设计

针对高分子光波导在制造工艺中波导芯厚度难以控制、芯层和包层的折射率差变动时的随机性以及材料各向异性引起的偏振态依赖性等实际问题,提出了采用抗波导芯厚度误差、抗折射率差变动和抗偏振变动的宽带波导耦合器回路结构的解决方案,给出了设计的理论和方法。在实测数据的基础上,进行了带宽为120nm的3dB氟化聚酰亚胺波导耦合器设计。由该器件的三维BPM仿真结果表明,在上述带宽上,波导芯厚度的变动范围为7～8μm、相对折射率差变动范围为0 24%～0.30%,两个正交偏振态都具有(50±2.0)%功率输出比的良好特性。     

掺杂As2S8非晶态薄膜波导的光阻断效应

实验研究了未掺杂和低浓度掺锡和掺磷的As₂S₈薄膜波导的光阻断效应,提供了三种样品的光阻断响应曲线、室温退激实验数据和光谱测试数据. 结果表明,掺锡样品可以明显提升毫秒级响应的快过程恢复作用,同时还具有减少残留传输损耗的效果,掺磷的效果则相反. 结合实验结果给出了分析讨论. 关键词： 光波导技术 硫属化合物玻璃 光阻断效应 掺杂     

The Effects of pH and Ionic Strength on the Aggregation of Bacteriochlorophyll c in Aqueous Organic Media: The Possibility of Two Kinds of Aggregates

The aggregation behavior of two homologs of bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c) in various media was investigated for the effects of pH and salt, and the corresponding structures were analyzed by Fourier transform (FT)-IR spectroscopy. R-[P, E] BChl c_F (3¹-R-form of BChl c with a propyl group at the C-8 position and an ethyl group at the C-12 position) and R-[E, E] BChl c_F (3¹-R-form of BChl c with two ethyl groups at positions C-8 and C-12) were isolated from the green sulfur bacterium Chloro-bium limicola. Aggregates of each homolog showed a pH-dependent shift of the absorption maximum; at low pH, the peak moved to the red. This tendency was also revealed by circular dichroic spectra. A similar red shift of the peak was also induced by a high concentration of salt (NaCl) or buffer for both homologs. The FT-IR spectrum indicates that at low pH, both homologs formed a rather amorphous aggregate. On the other hand, a regular structure of R-[P, E] BChl c_F was indicated in an acetone-water mixture. This structure was stabilized by a triangular interaction among three pigment molecules through the Mg-OH (3>) O = C (13¹) linkage. This structure was not found for R-[E, E] BChl c_F. These results indicate that the replacement of the side chain at the C-8 position on the macrocycle induces a change in aggregation behavior. A possible heterogeneity of the in vivo rod structure of chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria is discussed based on the above results.     

Effect of external donor in polymerization of propylene by a MgCl2 supported titanium catalyst

Polypropylene (PP) prepared with a MgCl₂/TiCl₄-Et₃Al/Ph₂Si(OMe)₂ catalyst system was fractionated by temperature rising elution fractionation method in order to investigate the effect of Ph₂Si(OMe)₂ as an external donor (ED). This PP had a broad and continuous distribution of tacticity. In comparison to the system without donor, however, ED brought a decrease of lower isotactic portions and an increase of higher isotactic ones simultaneously to the resulting polymer. The latter portions were eluted at higher temperature than the corresponding component obtained without donor, showing that the higher isotactic PP was newly produced by ED.     

波导阵列与光纤阵列的遗传算法自动对接

设计了一种新的阵列对接方法,即将遗传算法导入光纤、光波导分支耦合器、光纤阵列的自动对接。数值仿真结果表明,常规的八通道波导分支耦合器的对接耦合能实现各通道小于9.1dB的插入损耗,最大值与最小值之差小于0.1dB,即自动对接方案具有良好的性能。     

An experimental study on the kinetics and mechanisms of styrene polymerization in oil‐in‐water microemulsion initiated by oil‐soluble initiators

In order to clarify the kinetic role of oil‐soluble initiators in microemulsion polymerization, the oil‐in‐water (O/W) microemulsion polymerizations of styrene are carried out using four kinds of azo‐type oil‐soluble initiators with widely different water‐solubility. The results are compared with those observed when a water‐soluble initiator, potassium persulfate (KPS) is used. For all the oil‐soluble initiators used, the molecular weight of polymers and the average size of polymer particles do not change with the monomer conversion and the initial initiator concentration. The monomer conversion is expressed as a function of r_i^0.5t, where r_i is the rate of radical generation in the whole reaction system and t is the reaction time. These characteristics are quite the same as those observed when KPS is used as an initiator. When the polymerizations are carried out with the rate of radical generation in the whole reaction system fixed at the same value, the rates of polymerization are almost the same for all the oil‐soluble initiators employed, irrespective of their water‐solubility, but are significantly lower (ca. 1/3) than that with KPS. Then, the following conclusions are given: (1) The radicals generated not only in the aqueous phase, but also in the micelle and polymer particle phase are almost equally effective for the polymerization. However, (2) only a small portion (ca. 1/9) of the radicals generated in both phases participate in the polymerization. (3) Bimolecular termination of a growing radical in the polymer particle with an entering radical and with a pair of radicals generated in the polymer particles is negligible, and hence, the molecular weight of polymers is determined only by chain transfer to monomer.     

A convenient synthesis of diacyl sulfides using a novel sulfur transfer reagent

Various diacyl sulfides were synthesized by reaction of acyl chlorides with LiAlHSH. Reaction of glutaryl chloride with LiAlHSH afforded glutaric thioanhydride. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:633–635, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10217