Study of the q-Gaussian distribution with the scale index and calculating entropy by normalized inner scalogram

In this paper, we discuss a method based on wavelet analysis for the study of the q-index of the Gaussian distribution. We derive q-index from the scale index, $i_{\mathit{scale}}$, using the expression; $q\equiv 1+2i_{\mathit{scale}}$ where $i_{\mathit{scale}}$ is a wavelet based tool for measuring the degree of aperiodicity of a dynamical system in the range of $0\le i_{\mathit{scale}}\le 1$. We show that this expression gives consistent results with the numerical approach of q-Gaussian distribution which determines the degree of non-extensivity of a dynamical system in the range of $1<q<3$. We also suggest a new entropy calculation method based on the normalized inner scalogram for studying the chaotic characteristics of nonlinear dynamical systems.     

31P AND 2H NMR Spectra of A Lyomesophase Containing Phosphoric Acid Monodecylester and H3PO4

This is a report on ³¹P nmr spectra of phosphoric acid monodecylester, PDE, and ²H quadrupolar splitting of D₂O in a lyomesophase developed from n-decylammonium chloride, PDE/H₃PO₄ and D₂O.Polarizing microcopic and ²H nmr studies showed that the mesophase was of lamellar-like structure but alignes as the temperature is increased. As the mesophase contained a minute amount of free H₃PO₄, the ³¹P nmr spectra gave a sharp peak and a hump. The latter was interpreted to arise from a slow tumbling process of PDE between different agglomerates in this system.     

Photochromic and fluorescence properties of coumarin fulgimides

Four new fulgimides possessing a fluorescent coumarin unit were synthesized from the corresponding fulgides, and their photochromic as well as fluorescence properties were investigated. The open-ring forms of coumarin fulgimides were found to exhibit fluorescence in the visible region. Upon exposure to UV light, the fulgimides were transformed into the nonfluorescent closed-ring forms, which can be reverted to the initial fluorescent open-ring forms on exposure to visible light. The efficiency of quenching of fluorescence was as high as 95% at the photostationary state of UV irradiation.     

Electrostatic self-assembly of quaternized 2,(3)-tetra(oxo-pyridine) phthalocyaninato chloroindium(III) with a series of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines

The self-assembly of oppositely charged phthalocyanines, fabricated using quaternized 2,(3)-tetra(oxo-pyridine) phthalocyaninato chloroindium (III) (QInPyPc) as the positively charge molecule and a series of tetrasulfonate phthalocyanine (MTSPc), M = 2H, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni as negatively charged molecules are reported. The self-assembly results in the formation of heteroaggregates. The metallated sulfonated phthalocyanines form nanorod and nanoleaf shaped structures as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The UV–Vis spectra showed blue shifted Q bands, suggesting that these structures were in a face-to-face arrangement. The Raman spectra of the heteroaggregates showed shifting compared to the spectra of the precursors.     

Optimization for automated assembly of puzzles

The puzzle-assembly problem has many application areas such as restoration and reconstruction of archeological findings, repairing of broken objects, solving jigsaw type puzzles, molecular docking problem, etc. The puzzle pieces usually include not only geometrical shape information but also visual information such as texture, color, and continuity of lines. This paper presents a new approach to the puzzle-assembly problem that is based on using textural features and geometrical constraints. The texture of a band outside the border of pieces is predicted by inpainting and texture synthesis methods. Feature values are derived from these original and predicted images of pieces. An affinity measure of corresponding pieces is defined and alignment of the puzzle pieces is formulated as an optimization problem where the optimum assembly of the pieces is achieved by maximizing the total affinity measure. A Fast Fourier Transform based image registration technique is used to speed up the alignment of the pieces. Experimental results are presented on real and artificial data sets.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Theoretical Calculation of New Azo Dyes Derived from [1,5‐a]Pyrimidine‐5‐one Having Solvatochromic Properties

7‐Amino‐3‐phenylazo‐2‐methyl‐4H‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐5‐one ( 3 ) was synthesized by the reaction of 5‐amino‐3‐methyl‐4‐phenylazo‐1H‐pyrazole and 2‐aminobenzothiazole with ethyl cyanoacetate in acetic acid at 150°C. Four novel heterocyclic azo disperse dyes were obtained by the coupling of heterocyclic amines‐based diazonium chloride with compound 3 . They were purified and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, and ¹H NMR. Furthermore, solvatochromic behaviors of related dyes were studied in detail by using ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrometer. The experimental data were supported by density functional theory using b3lyp/cc‐pvtz level calculations, and a detailed analysis of predicted tautomeric structures was made.     

Recent Advances of Metal-Organic Frameworks-based Nanozymes for Bio-applications

Artificial nanoenzymes with enzyme-like catalytic activity have gradually become an alternative to natural enzymes due to their low production cost, high stability, and good tolerance. In recent years, various enzyme mimics have emerged with the rapid development of nano-teclnology. Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are a novel class of porous inorganic-organic hybrid materials made from metal ions/clusters and organic ligands, and MOFs-based nanozymes show great prospect in biosensing, biocatalysis, biomedical imaging, and therapeutic applications, due to unique properties, such as high specific surface area, high porosity, tunable morphology, and excellent biocatalytic properties. In this paper, the recent progresses concerning MOFs-based nanozymes are systematically summarized, including the synthesis, design strategies and related applications, which are divided into two major categories, namely, MOFs structured nanoenzymes and MOFs composite structured nanoenzymes. Meanwhile, the applications of various classifications of MOFs research are introduced. At the end, current challenges and future perspectives of MOFs-based nanozymes are also discussed. It is highly expected that this review on this important area can provide a meaningful guidance for tumor therapy, biosensing and other aspects.     

A novel lutetium(III) acetate phthalocyanine directly substituted with N,N’-dimethylaminophenyl groups via CC bonds and its water-soluble derivative for photodynamic therapy

In this study, the novel 4-(N,N′-dimethylamino)phenyl substituted lutetium(III) acetate phthalocyanine (2) and its quaternized derivative (3) were synthesized via a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction between tetrakis(iodo) lutetium(III)acetate phthalocyanine (1) and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenylboronic acid, and subsequent quaternization using dimethyl sulfate, respectively. The obtained phthalocyanine 3 exhibited excellent solubility in water which is important for photodynamic therapy applications. Photophysical properties such as fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime, and photochemical properties such as singlet oxygen generation and photostability were investigated to determine their suitability for photodynamic therapy. The lutetium(III) phthalocyanines, especially quaternized derivative 3, showed promising properties as potential photosensitizers for the treatment of cancer, producing higher singlet oxygen (Φ_Δ = 0.59) than motexafin lutetium (Φ_Δ = 0.31) which is a clinically used lutetium texaphyrin photosensitizer.     

Kinetic Analysis of Methane Hydrate Formation with Butterfly Turbine Impellers

Heat generation during gas hydrate formation is an important problem because it reduces the amount of water and gas that become gas hydrates. In this research work, we present a new design of an impeller to be used for hydrate formation and to overcome this concern by following the hydrodynamic literature. CH₄ hydrate formation experiments were performed in a 5.7 L continuously stirred tank reactor using a butterfly turbine (BT) impeller with no baffle (NB), full baffle (FB), half baffle (HB), and surface baffle (SB) under mixed flow conditions. Four experiments were conducted separately using single and dual impellers. In addition to the estimated induction time, the rate of hydrate formation, hydrate productivity and hydrate formation rate, constant for a maximum of 3 h, were calculated. The induction time was less for both single and dual-impeller experiments that used full baffle for less than 3 min and more than 1 h for all other experiments. In an experiment with a single impeller, a surface baffle yielded higher hydrate growth with a value of 42 × 10⁻⁸ mol/s, while in an experiment with dual impellers, a half baffle generated higher hydrate growth with a value of 28.8 × 10⁻⁸ mol/s. Both single and dual impellers achieved the highest values for the hydrate formation rates that were constant in the full-baffle experiments.     

Crystal Structures of 2-Chloro-3-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)naphthalene-1,4-dione and 2-Chloro-3-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)naphthalene-1,4-dione

Crystallography Reports - 2-Chloro-3-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)naphthalene-1,4-dione (1) and 2-chloro-3-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)naphthalene-1,4-dione (2) were obtained according...