Effects of Nonionic and Mixed Cationic-Nonionic Micelles on the Rate of Alkaline Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophthalimide

Pseudo-first-order rate constants (k_obs) for alkaline hydrolysis of 4-nitrophthalimide show a monotonic decrease with increase in [C₁₂E₂₃]_T (total concentration of Brij 35) at constant [CH₃CN] and [NaOH]. This micellar effect is explained in terms of a pseudophase micelle model. The rate of hydrolysis becomes too slow to monitor at [C₁₂E₂₃]_T≥0.03 M in the absence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) and at [C₁₂E₂₃]_T≥0.04 M in the presence of 0.006–0.02 M CTABr at 0.01 M NaOH. The plots of k_obs versus [C₁₂E₂₃]_T show minima at 0.006 and 0.01 M CTABr, while such a minimum is not visible at 0.02 M CTABr.     

A reliable treatment of Abel’s second kind singular integral equations

The central idea of this paper is to construct a new mechanism for the solution of Abel’s type singular integral equations that is to say the two-step Laplace decomposition algorithm. The two-step Laplace decomposition algorithm (TSLDA) is an innovative adjustment in the Laplace decomposition algorithm (LDA) and makes the calculation much simpler. In this piece of writing, we merge the Laplace transform and decomposition method and present a novel move toward solving Abel’s singular integral equations.     

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid using extract of glycine max leaves

Research on Chemical Intermediates - The activity of glycine max leaves extract against corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl solution has been investigated at different temperatures...     

Effect of bovine serum albumin on the surface properties of ionic liquid-type Gemini surfactant

The effect of bovine serum albumin on the surface properties of IL-type gemini surfactant ([C₁₀-4-C₁₀im]Br₂), have been investigated by surface tension method. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) as a function of BSA concentrations at various temperatures was investigated. The CMC of [C₁₀-4-C₁₀im]Br₂ increases with increasing the concentration of BSA as well as the temperature of the system. The interfacial parameters viz; maximum surface excess concentration (Γ_max), the minimum area per molecule (A_min), and surface pressure at CMC (Π_cmc) were calculated. In addition, thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and micellization were evaluated by using surface tension data. The results indicated that the binding of [C₁₀-4-C₁₀im]Br₂ to BSA is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The process is entropy driven and hydrophobic interactions are the major driving forces.     

Removal of oxygen from silicon by electron beam melting

Small amounts of multicrystalline silicon were melted in an electron beam furnace in different experimental conditions in order to investigate the oxygen evaporation behavior during the electron beam melting (EBM) process. The oxygen content level before and after EBM was determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The oxygen content was reduced from 6.177 to 1.629 ppmw when silicon was melted completely at 15 kW with removal efficiency up to 73.6 %. After that, it decreased continually to <0.0517 ppmw when the refining time exceeded 600 s with a removal efficiency of more than 99.08 %. During the melting process, the evaporation rate of silicon is 1.10 × 10^?5 kg/s. The loss of silicon could be reduced up to 1.7 % during oxygen removal process to a desirable figure, indicating EBM is an effective method to remove oxygen from silicon and decrease the loss of silicon.