Flow tagging velocimetry in incompressible flow using photo-activated nonintrusive tracking of molecular motion (PHANTOMM)

We report the development of a new optical flow tagging velocimetry technique for hydrodynamic flows. The method utilizes highly water-soluble caged dye Photo-Activated Fluorophores (PAF's) which serve as fluorescent tracers, with essentially indefinite lifetime. Demonstration experiments are presented in a bench-top poiseulle flow and a 5,000 gallon water channel facility. Results of experiments designed to quantify critical optical characteristics of the caged dye PAF's are also presented, as is a comparison with other, similar, optical velocimetry approaches.The authors wish to acknowledge R. B. Miles and D. Nosenchuck for several stimulating discussions, and T. Frobose and P. Howard for providing technical support. The work was sponsored by ARPA-G. Jones, Technical Monitor, and the National Science Foundation.     

ThermoData Engine (TDE): software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept. 5. Experiment planning and product design

ThermoData Engine (TDE) is the first full-scale software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept, as reported recently in this journal. In the present paper, we describe development of an algorithmic approach to assist experiment planning through assessment of the existing body of knowledge, including availability of experimental thermophysical property data, variable ranges studied, associated uncertainties, state of prediction methods, and parameters for deployment of prediction methods and how these parameters can be obtained using targeted measurements, etc., and, indeed, how the intended measurement may address the underlying scientific or engineering problem under consideration. A second new feature described here is the application of the software capabilities for aid in the design of chemical products through identification of chemical systems possessing desired values of thermophysical properties within defined ranges of tolerance. The algorithms and their software implementation to achieve this are described. Finally, implementation of a new data validation and weighting system is described for vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data, and directions for future enhancements are outlined.     

ThermoData Engine (TDE): software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept. 6. Dynamic web-based data dissemination through the NIST Web Thermo Tables

ThermoData Engine (TDE) is the first full-scale software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept, as reported recently in this journal. In the present paper, we describe the development of a World Wide Web-based interface to TDE evaluations of pure compound properties, including critical properties, phase boundary equilibria (vapor pressures, sublimation pressures, and crystal-liquid boundary pressures), densities, energetic properties, and transport properties. This includes development of a system for caching evaluation results to maintain high availability and an advanced window-in-window interface that leverages modern Web-browser technologies. Challenges associated with bringing the principal advantages of the TDE technology to the Web are described, as are compromises to maintain general access and speed of interaction while remaining true to the tenets of dynamic data evaluation. Future extensions of the interface and associated Web-services are outlined.     

Comparison of Fe and Ni opacity calculations for a better understanding of pulsating stellar envelopes

Opacity is an important ingredient of the evolution of stars. The calculation of opacity coefficients is complicated by the fact that the plasma contains partially ionized heavy ions that contribute to opacity dominated by H and He. Up to now, the astrophysical community has greatly benefited from the work of the contributions of Los Alamos [1], Livermore [2], [2a] and [2b] and the Opacity Project (OP) [3]. However unexplained differences of up to 50% in the radiative forces and Rosseland mean values for Fe have been noticed for conditions corresponding to stellar envelopes. Such uncertainty has a real impact on the understanding of pulsating stellar envelopes, on the excitation of modes, and on the identification of the mode frequencies. Temperature and density conditions equivalent to those found in stars can now be produced in laboratory experiments for various atomic species. Recently the photo-absorption spectra of nickel and iron plasmas have been measured during the LULI 2010 campaign, for temperatures between 15 and 40 eV and densities of ∼3 mg/cm³. A large theoretical collaboration, the “OPAC”, has been formed to prepare these experiments. We present here the set of opacity calculations performed by eight different groups for conditions relevant to the LULI 2010 experiment and to astrophysical stellar envelope conditions.     

(II) Infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of some transition metal dithiocarbamates and xanthates

Measurements are presented for the binding energy variations of (a) (Ni, Cu) 2p_{$\text{3}\text{2}$}, S 2p and N 1s core levels in a series of Ni and Cu disubstituted dithiocarbamates and (b) (Ni, Cu) 2p_{$\text{3}\text{2}$}, and S 2p core levels in a series of Ni xanthates. These shifts, which are observed to be negative and quite large for the S 2p levels, are then correlated with the infrared absorption frequency variations for the associated intramolecular stretching vibrations of the same series. The results are interpreted in terms of a model based on atomic charges and their potential effects on both variations. The functional relationships between the binding energy and infrared frequency variations are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.     

The analytical chemistry of the pyridine thiocyanates—III The separation of rhodium, palladium and platinum

A procedure is described for the separation and subsequent colorimetric determination of rhodium, palladium and platinum through the formation of complex and ammine-type thiocyanates, using solvent extraction. Suggestions are put forward as to the nature of the complexes in solution.     

Structures of the uranyl 8-hydroxyquinolates

An X-ray investigation of the two uranyl 8-hydroxy-quinolates UO(2).(C(9)H(6)NO)(2).C(9)H(6)NOH (dark red) and [UO(2).(C(9)H(6)NO)(2)](2).C(9)H(6)NOH (orange), has been carried out on the untreated compounds and after recrystallising them from chloroform. The unsolvated compound UO(2).(C(2)H(6)NO)(2) and the residue remaining after dissolving the orange compound in chloroform have also been examined. The investigation shows that the crystals obtained from the red and orange compounds, respectively, after dissolving in chloroform and recrystallising, are identical. The untreated red and orange compounds are different, the latter showing evidence of existing as a polymer, whereas the former is crystalline. On the basis of the results obtained, a structure for the orange compound is proposed.     

Direct equilibration of soil water for delta(18)O analysis and its application to tracer studies

Current methods for stable oxygen isotopic (delta (18)O) analysis of soil water rely on separation of water from the soil matrix before analysis. These separation procedures are not only time consuming and require relatively large samples of soil, but also have been shown to introduce a large potential source of error. Current research at Queen's University Belfast is focused on using direct equilibration of CO(2) with the pore water to eliminate this extraction step using the automated Multiprep system and a Micromass Prism III isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The findings of this research indicate the method is less time consuming, more reliable, and reproducible to within accepted limits (+/-0.1% per thousand delta (18)O). In this study the direct equilibration method is used to analyse delta (18)O tracer profiles in the unsaturated zone of field soils, concurrently with chloride tracer profiles, which can be used to assess infiltration rates and mechanisms through the unsaturated zone. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The study of the changes in the thermal properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Labeo rohita</Emphasis> bones due to arsenic exposure

The paper presents the changes in the thermal properties of control, arsenic exposed and DMSA treated Labeo rohita bones by using thermo analytical techniques. The result shows that the mass loss due to the thermal decomposition occurs in three distinct steps due to loss of water, organic and inorganic materials. The arsenic exposed bones present a different thermal behaviour compared to the control bones. The residue masses are increased due to arsenic exposure, while the DMSA treatment reduces the residue mass level. These thermal characteristics can be used as a qualitative method to check the metal accumulation in samples.     

A zero-mode quantization of the skyrmion

In the semi-classical approach to the Skyrme model, nuclei are approximated by quantum mechanical states on a finite-dimensional space of field configurations; in zero-mode quantization this space is generated by rotations and isorotations. Here, simulated annealing is used to find the axially symmetric Skyrme configuration which extremizes the zero-mode quantized energy for the nucleon.