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81.
The effects of an electric field on the collision rates, energy exchanges and transport properties of electrons in premixed flames are investigated via solutions to the Boltzmann kinetic equation. The case of high electric field strength, which results in high-energy, non-thermal electrons, is analysed in detail at sub-breakdown conditions. The rates of inelastic collisions and the energy exchange between electrons and neutrals in the reaction zone of the flame are characterised quantitatively. The analysis includes attachment, ionisation, impact dissociation, and vibrational and electronic excitation processes. Our results suggest that Townsend breakdown occurs for E/N = 140 Td. Vibrational excitation is the dominant process up to breakdown, despite important rates of electronic excitation of CO, CO2 and N2 as well as impact dissociation of O2 being apparent from 50 Td onwards. Ohmic heating in the reaction zone is found to be negligible (less than 2% of peak heat release rate) up to breakdown field strengths for realistic electron densities equal to 1010 cm?3. The observed trends are largely independent of equivalence ratio. In the non-thermal regime, electron transport coefficients are insensitive to mixture composition and approximately constant across the flame, but are highly dependent on the electric field strength. In the thermal limit, kinetic parameters and transport coefficients vary substantially across the flame due to the spatially inhomogeneous concentration of water vapour. A practical approach for identifying the plasma regime (thermal versus non-thermal) in studies of electric field effects on flames is proposed. 相似文献
82.
Elói Medina Galego 《Monatshefte für Mathematik》2002,136(2):87-97
We study the relation of to the subspaces and quotients of Banach spaces of continuous vector-valued functions , where K is an arbitrary dispersed compact set. More precisely, we prove that every infinite dimensional closed subspace of totally incomparable to X contains a copy of complemented in . This is a natural continuation of results of Cembranos-Freniche and Lotz-Peck-Porta. We also improve our result when K is homeomorphic to an interval of ordinals. Next we show that complemented subspaces (resp., quotients) of which contain no copy of are isomorphic to complemented subspaces (resp., quotients) of some finite sum of X. As a consequence, we prove that every infinite dimensional quotient of which is quotient incomparable to X, contains a complemented copy of . Finally we present some more geometric properties of spaces.
Received 8 November 2000; in revised form 7 December 2001 相似文献
83.
M. S. Attia A. O. Youssef Abdel-Sattar S. H. Elgazwy Samia A. El Abady Samia M. Agami Safaa I. Elewa 《Journal of fluorescence》2014,24(3):759-765
The sensitization of the excited triplet state of a novel symmetrical Bis(dialkylamino)phenoxazinium salt was developed in the presence of Hg2+. This effect was used to determine the concentration of Hg2+ in different water samples. The phenoxazinium salt sensor was characterized by different spectroscopic tools such as: UV, FTIR, NMR and fluorescence spectra. The sensor has an emission band at 347 nm in DMSO. Hg2+ in DMSO at pH 5.6 can remarkably quench the fluorescence intensity of the sensor at 347 nm and a new band was appeared at 436 nm due to the strong complex formation between Hg2+ and sensor. The quenching of the band intensity at 347 and the enhancement of the intensity of the new band at 436 were used to determine the Hg2+ in different waste water samples. The dynamic range found for the determination of Hg2+ concentration is 8.7?×?10-10 – 1.4?×?10-6 mol L?1 with a detection limit of 5.8?×?10?10 mol L?1 and quantification detection limit of 1.8?×?10-9 mol L-1. 相似文献
84.
Youssef Ait Ahmed Ahmed Tirbiyine Ahmed Taoufik Hassan El Ouaddi Habiba El Hamidi Abdelhalim Hafid 《Phase Transitions》2013,86(11):1093-1099
ABSTRACTWe have studied the reversible and irreversible part of the hysteresis loops as a function of slow cooling rate through the order–disorder transformation near 80?K for the deuterated (κ-D8-Br) κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br organic superconductor. We estimated the critical current density JC and the thermodynamic critical field HC from the magnetic hysteresis loops. Temperature dependence of the critical current density derived from the irreversible part using Bean’s model. The thermodynamic critical field HC has been obtained from the reversible part of the hysteresis loops. 相似文献
85.
In this paper, n-Zinc oxide/p-copper oxide heterojunctions were fabricated by RF-sputtering on indium tin oxide-covered glass substrates. The structural and optical properties of the copper oxide and zinc oxide films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electronic microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The electrical junction properties were investigated by current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. Additionally, both capacitance (C) and conductance (G) versus frequency (f) measurements were realized at room temperature. The junctions showed a rectifying behavior, and C and G varied with both voltage and frequency. 相似文献
86.
We prove that in a tournament of odd order , the number of antidirected Hamiltonian paths starting with a forward arc and the number of Hamiltonian circuits have the same parity. 相似文献
87.
A quantum steganography communication scheme via Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger GHZ 4 state is constructed to investigate the possibility of remotely transferred hidden information.Moreover,the multipartite entangled states are become a hectic topic due to its important applications and deep effects on aspects of quantum information.Then,the scheme consists of sharing the correlation of four particle GHZ4 states between the legitimate users.After insuring the security of the quantum channel,they begin to hide the secret information in the cover of message.Comparing the scheme with the previous quantum steganographies,capacity and imperceptibility of hidden message are good.The security of the present scheme against many attacks is also discussed. 相似文献
88.
A.?Abbassi A.?El AmraniEmail author H.?Ez-Zahraouy A.?Benyoussef Y.?El Amraoui 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2016,122(6):584
Electronic and optical properties of co-doped zinc oxide ZnO with silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al), in Zn1?2x Si x Al x O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.0625) original structure forms, are investigated by the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The optical constants and dielectric functions are investigated with the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) by WIEN2k package. The complex dielectric functions, refractive index and band gap of the pure as well as doped and co-doped ZnO were investigated, which are in good agreement with the available experimental results for the undoped ZnO. Thus, the maximum optical transmittance of the co-doped ZnO of about 95 % was achieved; it is higher than that of pure ZnO. Thus, we showed for the Si–Al co-doped ZnO with x = 0.0315 that the optical transmittance can cover a larger range in the visible light region. In addition, an occurrence of important energy levels around Fermi levels was showed, which is mainly due to doping atoms that lead to an overlap between valence and conduction bands, and consequently to the significant conductor behavior of the Si–Al co-doped ZnO. The original Zn1?2x Si x Al x O structure reveals promising optical and electronic properties, and it can be investigated as good candidates for practical uses as transparent and conducting electrodes in solar cell devices. 相似文献
89.
Hicham Benaissa El‐Hassan Benkhira Rachid Fakhar Abdelhadi Hachlaf 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2019,42(4):1292-1311
We consider here a mathematical model describing the bilateral frictional contact between a thermo‐piezoelectric body and a thermally conductive foundation. We model the behavior of the material with a linear thermo‐electro‐elastic constitutive law. The process is assumed to be quasistatic and the contact is modeled with a nonlocal version of Coulomb's dry friction law, in which the frictional heat generated in the process, is taken into account. We drive a variational formulation of the problem and establish the existence of its weak solution. 相似文献
90.
J. El Khamkhami E. Feddi E. Assaid F. Dujardin B. Stbe M. El Haouari 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2005,25(4):366-373
The effect of a magnetic field on the ground-state energy of a donor impurity confined in a polar CdSe spherical quantum dot embedded in a nonpolar matrix is studied theoretically. The interaction between the all charge carriers (electron and ion) and the confined longitudinal optical phonons (LO-phonons) is taken into account by considering the strong coupling method (Landau–Pekar approach). A variational calculation is performed in the framework of the effective mass approximation using a trial wave function deduced from the second-order perturbation and assuming that the quantum dot has a finite depth potential. 相似文献