Surface Modification of Polypropylene by Ethylene Plasma and Its Induced β-Form in Polypropylene

This study aims to investigate the chemical structure and morphology of plasmapolymers produced by deposition of ethylene on the surface of polypropylene. The deposition films(sediments) of ethylene plasma on the surface of polypropylene are nonuniform, and the characterization results indicate the existence of hydroxyl groups and aldehyde(or ketone) groups in the sediments. The sediment of ethylene plasma on the polypropylene surface could induce the growth of β-form crystals in the surface layer of polypropylene.     

多金属氧簇与倍半硅氧烷簇构筑的哑铃形杂化分子Langmuir膜和Langmuir-Blodgett膜

以两个形状杂化分子(Shape Hybrid Molecules)为目标分子, 研究了它们在气液界面上形成Langmuir膜的过程和Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)膜的聚集态结构. 杂化分子是由Wells-Dawson型磷钨氧簇(Polyoxometalates, POMs)和T₈型的倍半硅氧烷簇(Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane, POSS), 通过对苯二甲酸有机连接链(OL)用共价键构筑的具有杂化性质和哑铃形状的簇-簇杂化分子(POM-OL-POSS). 这两种杂化分子的差别在于POSS段中, 外围有机基团的尺寸不同. 在实验中, 采用Langmuir和LB膜技术, 了解POSS外围的七个取代基变化导致的分子尺寸变化对Langmuir膜形成过程和LB膜结构的影响. 采用Langmuir技术测定了表面压-平均分子面积(π-A)等温曲线和π-A循环等温曲线, 跟踪并研究了这两个杂化分子在水表面上形成Langmuir膜的过程. 实验结果表明, 两个杂化分子都表现出良好的两亲性, 从气相变化到固相的过程中, 杂化分子经历了从分散到集中的过程. 将这些膜转移到基片上, 得到单层的LB膜, 再利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了LB膜的表面形貌和聚集态结构. 由于POM段中含有钨和钒金属, 可以直接用TEM观察聚集态结构, 发现了在气-液和液-固相转变过程中, LB膜中杂化分子的聚集态结构都呈现涨落特征, 一种凝聚态物理中由相转变导致结构涨落的重要物理现象. 本研究获得的结果能够帮助我们以及这个领域的研究者们继续优化杂化分子的结构, 进一步构筑具有有序结构的膜和本体材料.     

Separation and purification of isoflavones from a crude soybean extract by high-speed counter-current chromatography

A set of isoflavones with a broad range of polarity including daidzin, glycitin, genistin, acetyldaidzin, glycitein, acetylgenistin and daidzein was separated from a crude soybean extract by high-speed counter-current chromatography using a two-step operation. Three solvent systems were used: chloroform-methanol-water (4:3:2, v/v); chloroform-methanol-n-butanol-water (4:3:0.5:2, v/v); and methyl tert.-butyl ether-tetrahydrofuran-0.5% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (2:2:0.15:4, v/v). The first solvent system was used for separating less polar isoflavones and the second for more polar isoflavones by eluting the lower organic phase. Genistin and glycitin, which were only partially resolved in the chloroform system, were separated by the third solvent system. Each isolated component showed 98-99% purity as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Their structures were identified by LC-MS.     

毛细管电泳法测定白头翁汤中黄连和黄柏共煎生物碱的煎出量

 建立了利用毛细管电泳简便、准确地测定白头翁汤中黄连和黄柏共煎生物碱煎出量的方法。采用自组装毛细管电泳装置,采用75μmi.d.×50cm弹性石英毛细管,以0 05mol/LNa2B4O7 CH3OH(体积比为85∶15)溶液作缓冲液,运行电压为14kV,检测波长为232nm。另外,通过实验优化了提取溶剂中乙醇的含量。实验结果表明:以小檗碱、巴马汀提取量为指标,30%(体积分数)的乙醇水溶液是提取白头翁汤中黄连和黄柏共煎生物碱的最佳溶剂。小檗碱和巴马汀的质量浓度分别在15 0mg/L～65 0mg/L、12 5mg/L～50 0mg/L时与其峰面积有良好的线性关系;小檗碱的平均回收率不低于95%。     

非水反相微乳中NaCl纳米粒子的制备

在乙醇/Brij 30/十六烷反相微乳中利用无水NaAc与HCl反应制备了水可溶性晶态NaCl纳米粒子,平均粒径为 60 nm.与在甲酰胺/AOT/正庚烷反相微乳中制备的粒径约为1 μm的NaCl粒子进行比较,表明在特定条件下,非水微乳可以作为合成水可溶性纳米粒子的有效介质.     

有机锑化合物在交叉偶联反应中的应用研究进展

近年来,有机锑化合物在交叉偶联反应中的应用引起了人们的广泛关注。本文主要对有机锑化合物在交叉偶联反应中的应用作了综述,重点介绍了其在Suzuki交叉偶联反应、Heck偶联反应以及Sonogashira偶联反应中的应用,并展望了其未来的发展方向。     

Breathing Effect in a Cobalt Phosphonate upon Dehydration/Rehydration: A Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Study

Two cobalt phosphonates, [Co₂(2,2′‐bpy)₂(H₂O)(pbtcH)] ( 1 ) and [Co₂(H₂O)(pbtcH)(phen)₂] ( 2 ; pbtcH₅=5‐phosphonatophenyl‐1,2,4‐tricarboxylic acid, 2,2′‐bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline), with layer structures are reported. Compound 1 contains O‐C‐O and O‐P‐O bridged tetramers of Co₄, which are further connected by pbtcH^4? units to form a layer. In compound 2 , the cobalt tetramers made up of water‐bridged Co₂ dimers and O‐P‐O linkages are connected into a layer by pbtcH^4? units. Upon dehydration, compounds 1 and 2 experience single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SC–SC) structural transformations to form [Co₂(2,2′‐bpy)₂(pbtcH)] ( 1 a ) and [Co₂(pbtcH)(phen)₂] ( 2 a ), respectively. The process is reversible in each case. Notably, a breathing effect is observed for 1 , accompanied by pore opening and closing due to the reorientation of the coordinated 2,2′‐bpy molecules. The transformation was also monitored by in situ IR measurements. Magnetic studies reveal that antiferromagnetic interactions are mediated between the magnetic centers in compounds 1 and 1 a , whereas ferromagnetic interactions are dominant in compound 2 .     

Functionalized polypyrrole nanotube arrays as electrochemical biosensor for the determination of copper ions

A novel electrochemical biosensor based on functionalized polypyrrole (PPy) nanotube arrays modified with a tripeptide (Gly-Gly-His) proved to be highly effective for electrochemical analysis of copper ions (Cu²⁺). The vertically oriented PPy nanotube arrays were electropolymerized by using modified zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire arrays as templates which were electrodeposited on indium–tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. The electrodes were functionalized by appending pyrrole-α-carboxylic acid onto the surface of polypyrrole nanotube arrays by electrochemical polymerization. The carboxylic groups of the polymer were covalently coupled with the amine groups of the tripeptide, and its structural features were confirmed by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The tripeptide modified PPy nanotube arrays electrode was used for the electrochemical analysis of various trace copper ions by square wave voltammetry. The electrode was found to be highly sensitive and selective to Cu²⁺ in the range of 0.1–30 μM. Furthermore, the developed biosensor exhibited a high stability and reproducibility, despite the repeated use of the biosensor electrode.     

铁配合物的环境光化学及其参与的环境化学过程

铁是地壳中含量最为丰富的金属元素之一,而自然界中存在的绝大多数溶解性铁都是以有机络合形式存在的。环境中的铁配合物在光照下会发生直接光解和次级的(光)化学反应过程,生成还原性的Fe(Ⅱ)和有机自由基以及衍生的活性氧物种。铁配合物的环境光化学反应将深刻影响着氧自由基的生成与衰减、有机物降解和其他元素的环境化学循环过程,因此,成为近年来国际环境科学领域的研究热点。本文介绍了铁配合物光还原反应的类型和原理,分析了Fe(Ⅱ)(光)化学氧化的可能机理和影响因素,并对国内外关于铁参与的环境化学过程所开展的研究进行了评述。在此基础上,通过分析目前研究中所存在的问题,对今后的研究方向和趋势作了展望。