Generalized bi-Quasi-Variational Inequalities for Upper Hemi-Continuous Operators in non-Compact Settings

By using the concept of escaping sequences introduced by Border [2], existence theorems on generalized bi-quasi-variational inequalities for F-semi-monotone (re- spectively, bi-quasi-semi-monotone) operators are obtained in non-compact set- tings. As application, an existence theorem on generalized bi-complementarity problem for F-semi-monotone (respectively, bi-quasi-semi-monotone) operator is given in non-compact setting.     

Probing Deviation of Adhered Membrane Dynamics between Reconstituted Liposome and Cellular System

The dynamics of cell‐cell adhesion are complicated due to complexities in cellular interactions and intra‐membrane interactions. In the present work, we have reconstituted a liposome‐based model system to mimic the cell‐cell adhesion process. Our model liposome system consists of one fluorescein‐tagged and one TRITC (tetramethyl‐rhodamine isothiocyanate)‐tagged liposome, adhered through biotin‐neutravidin interaction. We monitored the adhesion process in liposomes using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between fluorescein (donor) and TRITC (acceptor). Occurrence of FRET is confirmed by the decrease in donor lifetime as well as distinct rise time of the acceptor fluorescence. Interestingly, the acceptor's emission exhibits fluctuations in the range of ≈3±1 s. This may be attributed to structural oscillations associated in two adhered liposomes arising from the flexible nature of biotin‐neutravidin interaction. We have compared the dynamics in a cell‐mimicking liposome system with that in an in vitro live cell system. In the adhered live cell system, we used CPM (7‐diethylamino‐3‐(4‐maleimido‐phenyl)‐4‐methylcoumarin, donor) and nile red (acceptor), which are known to stain the membrane of CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells. The dynamics of the adhered membranes of two live CHO cells were observed through FRET between CPM and nile red. The acceptor fluorescence intensity exhibits an oscillation in the time‐scale of ≈1±0.75 s, which is faster compared to the reconstituted liposome system, indicating the contributions and involvement of multiple dynamic protein complexes around the cell membrane. This study offers simple reconstituted model systems to understand the complex membrane dynamics using a FRET‐based physical chemistry approach.     

Effect of working fluid on the performance of a miniature heat pipe system for cooling desktop processor

The heat transfer performance of a miniature heat pipe system (MHPS) used for cooling a desktop computer processor is presented in this paper. The MHPS consists of 6 parallel cylindrical miniature heat pipes (MHPs) which are connected to a copper block at the evaporator section and which are provided with 15 parallel perpendicular copper sheets at the condenser section, used as external cooling fins. Acetone and ethanol are used as working fluids. As heat source a processor is employed which is attached to the copper block. Heat transfer characteristics of the individual MHPs and the complete MHPS using the two working fluids are experimentally determined. The results show that the maximum and steady state temperature of the processor has been significantly reduced by using MHPs with acetone, more than with ethanol, instead of a conventional finned aluminum heat sink with cooling fan. Additional use of a fan results in a much lower processor temperature for both working fluids.     

Lie—Bäcklund Symmetries of Two-Dimensional SU(2) Yang—Mills System and Nonhomogeneous Lax Pair

We obtain the Lie—Bäcklund-type symmetries of the two-dimensional SU(2)Yang—Mills equation with the help of a generalized formal series method. Both(x, t)-dependent and independent symmetries are obtained and it is shown thatthey form a closed algebra. Finally a nonhomogeneous Lax equation is derivedusing these symmetries.     

An efficient synthesis of 2-benzoxepines from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts using heterogeneous recyclable catalysts

2-Benzoxepines have efficiently been synthesized from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts, alkyl 3-aryl-3-hydroxy-2-methylenepropanoates by treatment with HCHO catalyzed by silica supported perchloric acid (HClO4.SiO2) or Amberlyst-15 in CH2Cl2 under reflux for a short period of time (1.5-2.5 h). The catalyst can be recovered and recycled. The antibacterial properties of the new 2-benzoxepines were studied but no activity was found.     

Molecular switch based on a biologically important redox reaction

Building on our earlier report of a single-molecule probe, we show how biologically important redox centers, nicotinamide and quinone, incorporated into a fluorophore-spacer-receptor molecular structure, form redox active molecular switches, with the photoinduced electron-transfer behavior of each depending on the oxidation state of the receptor subunit. The switch based on nicotinamide (3/6) is strongly fluorescent in its oxidized state (Phi(F) approximately 1.0) but nonfluorescent in the reduced state (Phi(F) < 0.001) due to electron transfer from the reduced nicotinamide to the photoexcited fluorophore. The fluorescence can be reversibly switched off and on chemically by successive reduction with NaBH(3)CN and oxidation with tetrachlorobenzoquinone and switched electrochemically over 10 cycles without significant degradation. A similar switch based on quinonimine turned out to be nonfluorescent in both reduced and oxidized states: in addition to a similar quenching mechanism in the reduced state, quenching also occurs in the oxidized state, due to electron transfer from the fluorophore to the receptor. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations of orbital energy levels were used to corroborate these quenching mechanisms. Calculations predicted photoinduced electron transfer to be energetically favorable in all cases where quenching was observed and unfavorable in all cases where it was not. Application of the perylene analogue as a biosensor has also been demonstrated by coupling the switch to the catalytic pathway of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, a common NADH/NAD(+)-utilizing enzyme.     

Ultrafast two-color ablation of fused silica

Two ultrafast laser pulses at the fundamental Ti:sapphire laser wavelength of 800 nm and the second harmonic at 400 nm were used to study the temporal evolution of the transmissivity in fused silica and resulting material ablation. It was observed that there was a sharp drop in the transmissivity of the probe pulse at zero delay between the two pulses, indicating that there was enhanced absorption/reflection due to the creation of defect states or free electron plasma by the pump pulse. Subsequent atomic force microscopy measurements of the ablated holes revealed that the ablated volume increased by about 50% when the separations of the two pulses are within 300 fs. Two-color machining of channels at the surface also showed a similar increase in the machined depth and width when the pulses are overlapped in time. PACS 52.38.Mf; 78.47.+p; 79.20.Ds     

Similarity solution and lie symmetry for a coupled nonlinear system

The Lie point symmetries of a set of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are considered. The system is an extended version of the usual nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In the similarity variable deduced from the symmetry analysis, the system is equivalent to the Painlevé III in Ince's classification. By starting from a solution of the Painlevé equation, one can reproduce various classes of solutions of the original PDEs. Such solutions include both rational and progressive types or a combination of the two.     

Heavy-ion in-beam studies of the nucleus87Nb

High spin states in the transitional nucleus⁸⁷Nb up to 14 MeV excitation have been established for the first time via the reactions⁴⁰Ca(⁵⁰Cr, 3p)⁸⁷Nb and⁵⁸Ni (³²S, 3p)⁸⁷Nb. The⁸⁷Nbγ-radiations have been identified throughγ-ray spectra taken in coincidence with the evaporation residues detected in the Daresbury recoil separator or with multiple proton emission. Gamma-gamma coincidences, DCO ratios,γ-ray angular distributions and lifetimes have been measured. A total of some 100 transitions have been placed into a level scheme comprising of sixty states. The one-quasiparticle (1qp) bands of either parity and several other band-like structures have been identified, some containing alignedg _9/2 nucleons. Moderately enhancedE2 in-band transitions of 13–48 W.u. as well as several weakE2 yrast transitions connecting bands with different quasiparticle numbers have been found. Similarities with respect to theN=46 isotones⁸³Rb,⁸⁴Sr,⁸⁵Y,⁸⁶Zr and⁸⁸Mo are discussed.