Immunological and molecular genetic analysis of the cellulase component fromPenicillium funiculosum

Following immunization of rabbits, the antiserum was initially analyzed for antiendoglucanase activity using dot-blot ELISA methods. When compared with the preimmune serum, the antiserum showed strong response even at 25 ng concentration. The specificity of the polyclonal antibodies, raised against the partially purified endoglucanase component of Penicillium funiculosum, was determined by Oüchterlony double diffusion. Rocket electrophoresis confirmed the presence of only two types of antigens in the serum. The two rockets obtained were attributable to endo I and the merging of immunologically identical (but mobility wise different) endo II and endo III. This antibody preparation was used as a probe. The deduced M1 of the cloned E. coli endo I was found to be 58 Kd by Western blotting.     

Some simplification in spin-free configuration interaction studies

A simplification has been attempted in the procedures for determining the matrix elements of the generators of the unitary group U(n) over a tensor basis spanning the irreducible representation 2 ^N/2–S , 1 ^2S for an N-electron system. It has been shown that these matrix elements require, for their determination, only the corresponding representation matrices of cyclic permutations of the group S _N . A viable algorithm has been obtained for determining these representation matrices.     

Pyrene-Benzimidazole Derivatives as Novel Blue Emitters for OLEDs

Three novel small organic heterocyclic compounds: 2-(1,2-diphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-7-tert-butylpyrene (compound A), 1,3-di(1,2-diphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-7-tert-butylpyrene (compound B), and 1,3,6,8-tetra(1,2-diphenyl)-1H-benzimidazolepyrene (compound C) were synthesized and characterized for possible applications as blue OLED emitters. The specific molecular design targeted decreasing intermolecular aggregation and disrupting crystallinity in the solid-state, in order to reduce dye aggregation, and thus obtain efficient pure blue photo- and electroluminescence. Accordingly, the new compounds displayed reasonably high spectral purity in both solution- and solid-states with average CIE coordinates of (0.160 ± 0.005, 0.029 ± 0.009) in solution and (0.152 ± 0.007, 0.126 ± 0.005) in solid-state. These compounds showed a systematic decrease in degree of crystallinity and intermolecular aggregation due to increasing steric hindrance, as revealed using powder X-ray diffraction analysis and spectroscopic studies. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) prototype fabricated using compound B as the non-doped emissive layer displayed an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.35 (±0.04)% and luminance 100 (±6) cd m⁻² at 5.5 V with an essentially pure blue electroluminescence corresponding to CIE coordinates of (0.1482, 0.1300). The highest EQE observed from this OLED prototype was 4.3 (±0.3)% at 3.5 V, and the highest luminance of 290 (±10) cd m⁻² at 7.5 V. These values were found comparable to characteristics of the best pure blue OLED devices based on simple fluorescent small-molecule organic chromophores.     

Metal-sensitive and thermostable trypsin from the crevalle jack (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Caranx hippos</Emphasis>) pyloric caeca: purification and characterization

Background

Over the past decades, the economic development and world population growth has led to increased for food demand. Increasing the fish production is considered one of the alternatives to meet the increased food demand, but the processing of fish leads to by-products such as skin, bones and viscera, a source of environmental contamination. Fish viscera have been reported as an important source of digestive proteases with interesting characteristics for biotechnological processes. Thus, the aim of this study was to purify and to characterize a trypsin from the processing by-products of crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) fish.

Results

A 27.5 kDa trypsin with N-terminal amino acid sequence IVGGFECTPHVFAYQ was easily purified from the pyloric caeca of the crevalle jack. Its physicochemical and kinetic properties were evaluated using N-α-benzoyl-_DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BApNA) as substrate. In addition, the effects of various metal ions and specific protease inhibitors on trypsin activity were determined. Optimum pH and temperature were 8.0 and 50°C, respectively. After incubation at 50°C for 30 min the enzyme lost only 20% of its activity. K _m , k_cat, and k _cat /K _m values using BApNA as substrate were 0.689 mM, 6.9 s^-1, and 10 s^-1 mM^-1, respectively. High inhibition of trypsin activity was observed after incubation with Cd²⁺, Al³⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Hg²⁺ at 1 mM, revealing high sensitivity of the enzyme to metal ions.

Conclusions

Extraction of a thermostable trypsin from by-products of the fishery industry confirms the potential of these materials as an alternative source of these biomolecules. Furthermore, the results suggest that this trypsin-like enzyme presents interesting biotechnological properties for industrial applications.

     

An efficient method for the N-arylation of phenylurea via copper catalyzed amidation

The coupling reaction of phenylurea with different functionalized aryl halides in the presence of air stable CuI,N,N-dimethylethylenediamine as a ligand,and K₃PO₄ as a base gives symmetrical and unsymmetrical diarylureas in relatively high yields.This method is milder than the palladium catalyzed arylation and avoids the use of toxic phosphine ligands.     

A Note on the Geometric Interpretation of Bell’s Inequalities

Using results of Pitowsky and Gupta, we show in a direct, elementary fashion that, in the case of three spins, Bell’s inequalities indeed provide a representation of the tetrahedron of all spin correlation matrices as intersection of half-spaces.