Experiment of passive ranging for three-sensor array in shallow water and post processing

For improving passive ranging of three-sensor array, a sliding cross-correlation method is adopted to improve the performance of time delay estimation. Compared with the traditional cross-correlation, the sliding cross-correlation＇s ability is evidently increased. An improved formula which is in high precision for near target is employed. An algorithm of kicking out wild value is presented, which is on line, can track the target automatically. The algorithm named ＂round filter＂ can pick out the data in high quality with robustness. A ＂dynamic filter＂ is presented, which is combined with the ＂round filter＂ as the post processor. The experimental result of three-sensor array passive ranging of near field target in shallow water is introduced, which suggests that the post processor is indeed obvious in improving the ranging performance.     

Cobalt‐based Catalysts Modified Cathode for Enhancing Bioelectricity Generation and Wastewater Treatment in Air‐breathing Cathode Microbial Fuel Cells

To seek an efficient way to enhance the power output and wastewater treatment of microbial fuel cell (MFC), several cobalt‐based composites are successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method under different pyrolysis temperature, and these composites are used as electrocatalyst in air‐breathing cathode of MFC. Different species of nitrogen atom are successfully grafted on the cobalt‐based composites and confirmed by physical and electrochemical analyses. In MFC tests, the maximum power density increases from 577.8 mW m^?2 to 931.1 mW m^?2 with pyrolysis temperature (except for 1000 °C). These electrochemical tests and high COD removal show that Co/N/C‐900 can rapidly transfer electron via a 2×2 e^? transfer pathway, mainly due to the exposure of large electrochemical active area and introduction of the defects of pyridinic?N and abundant oxygen vacancies. Although the power density of MFC with Co/N/C‐900 is 81.1 % of that of commercial Pt/C, the MFC with Co/N/C‐900 is more stable than that of Pt/C, and the power density for Co/N/C‐900 has only a 2.8 % decrease during 25‐cycles operation. The great electrocatalytic activity of the novel Co/N/C‐900 composite exhibits a superior outlook for scale‐up application of MFC in the future.     

Particle‐in‐cell simulation of the effect of curved magnetic field on wall bombardment and erosion in a hall thruster

A curved, convex towards the channel bottom magnetic field is an important feature of an advanced Hall thruster that allows confining the plasma flow in the channel center, reducing the divergence angle of the ejected ion beam, and improving the discharge performance. In this article, the discharge behaviour of a Hall thruster in magnetic fields with different degrees of curvature is simulated with a particle‐in‐cell numerical method, and the effect of curved magnetic field on the ion bombardment and wall erosion and the associated mechanisms are studied and analysed. The results show that, as the curvature of the magnetic field increases, the propellant ionization becomes more confined at the channel center, the potential drop inside the channel decreases, and the acceleration region shifts outside the channel, which lead to the attenuation of the ion energy bombarding the wall and the deviation of the bombardment angle from the optimal sputtering angle. Conversely, the ion flux bombarding the wall near the channel exit increases. Nevertheless, the bombardment energy and angle are the dominant factors for the wall erosion, and the wall erosion rate clearly decreases with the increasing curvature of the magnetic field. These findings are closely related to the behaviour of electron conduction under a curved magnetic field; the relevant mechanisms are clarified in this article.     

SA-PBT-SVM的实木表面缺陷近红外光谱识别

针对实木板材表面存在的活节、死节、裂纹与虫眼4类缺陷,提出了基于近红外光谱分析的定性识别模型。随机选取50个样本组成训练集,30个样本组成测试集,在室内温度20 ℃、相对平均湿度50%环境下,采用900~1 700 nm的近红外光谱仪采集样本表面光谱,并利用SNV方法进行光谱数据预处理,以消除固体颗粒大小、表面散射及光程变化对漫反射光谱的影响;然后,采用偏二叉树双支持向量机(PBT-SVM)构建缺陷分类模型,运用模拟退火算法(SA)对4类核函数、参数及波长特征进行全局寻优;寻优过程以97个波长吸收度为输入特征,运用顺序前向法依次加入新特征,当分类器准确率达到90%时,得到核参数及波长特征;最后,通过确定的核函数、参数与波长构建了缺陷分类模型,并对测试样本集进行了分类验证。实验结果表明,SNV预处理方法使相同缺陷的近红外光谱具有较好的一致性,其中,活节与死节光谱差异显著,但死节、裂纹与虫眼的光谱趋势相近;当PBT-SVM分类器采用多项式核函数、参数在γ=28.63,coef=18.69,d=1,C=12.03时,缺陷识别效果最好,裂纹和活节的识别率达到了100%,虫眼为93.33%,死节为93.33%,平均准确率达到了96.65%,平均识别时间仅为0.002 s。利用近红外光谱分析的方法能够快速、有效地完成4类实木板材缺陷的识别。     

动态Web服务组合的选择策略

为了提高光网络资源的利用率,提出一种基于Petri网的Web服务组合最优化选择的方法.根据用户需求使用Petri网对服务组合之间的数据依赖关系建模,利用Petri网的T-不变量得到各种可能组合方案,并对于每种组合方案使用广义随机Petri网分析其性能.实验结果表明：该方法充分利用Petri网善于描述、分析、评价分布式系统的优点,得到性能最优的基于光网络资源的服务组合方案.     

银胶溶液pH值对结晶紫的表面增强拉曼光谱增强效果的影响

通过NaBH4还原AgNO3制得银溶胶, 分析了结晶紫溶液表面增强拉曼光谱随银胶溶液pH值减小而逐渐减弱的机理。其原因是当加入酸改变银胶溶液pH值时, 在静电力作用下H+聚集在粗糙且存在偶电层(Ag+─负吸附质)的银胶表面, 使胶体中存在的表面等离子体共振吸附态的光吸收源随着H+浓度的增加逐渐减弱。并且H+与结晶紫的竞争作用又使结晶紫与银颗粒之间的吸附数量减少, 最终使结晶紫SERS强度随着pH值减小而逐渐减弱。我们测得银胶溶液的紫外──可见吸收光谱吸收峰强度随着pH值减小而逐渐减弱, 证明了分析的正确性。     

利用拉曼光谱分析冰Ih相的表面薄层的氢键结构

水是生活中一种最基本且最重要的物质,由于它的一些奇特性质和反常物性,得到了广泛的研究,而拉曼光谱是研究水分子结构的一种非常合适的方法,它通过获得分子的振动和转动信息来理解分子结构和分子间的相互作用。在常压下测量了-20～-190 ℃温度范围内冰Ih相的表面薄层的拉曼光谱,实验结果发现随温度降低,冰Ih相的O∶H范德瓦尔斯键向高波数方向移动,而O-H极性共价键向低波数方向移动;且拉曼频移与温度呈线性关系,通过对不同振动模式的斜率进行比较,判断其键长的伸缩变化关系,从而证明了冰Ih相密度随温度的减小而增大,采用氢键理论(结构)给予了解释。同时,发现在-150 ℃时,O-H键反对称伸缩振动模式和O∶H键振动模式的拉曼峰强发生了突变,这表明冰Ih相发生了相变--冰Ⅺ相(冰Ih的质子有序相)。     

具有新型核心结构的肽类BACE1抑制剂的设计、合成及活性评价

以KMI-008为先导化合物,4-羟基或氨基取代的脯氨酸模拟其Pns,设计并合成了19条肽序列,用时间分辨荧光法测定目标肽体外对BACE1的抑制作用. 所合成化合物对BACE1有一定的抑制作用,其中两个化合物(LK-MX-41、LK-MX-42)与先导化合物活性相近,其核心结构由L-Phe-D-Pro组成,可以模拟BACE1的催化中心与底物相互作用的过渡态;含有该结构的肽序列,有可能成为研究肽类BACE1抑制剂的另一途径. 应用Autodock 4将所合成化合物与BACE1进行对接,结合体外活性测试结果对构效关系进行了初步探讨. 先导化合物及目标肽用固相法合成,经RP-HPLC测定纯度、ESI-MS确定相对分子量.     

动态光谱法用于人体血红蛋白浓度的无创测量

为了实现血液成分的无创检测,利用动态光谱指端透射法进行了人体血红蛋白浓度无创测量的研究。对34名健康志愿者进行了在体测量动态光谱和抽血分析血红蛋白含量,在验证了动态光谱的可靠性的基础上,选用BP神经网络对获取的动态光谱数据和血红蛋白浓度实测值进行建模分析,从34个样本中抽取19个作为校正集,另外15个作为预测集,得到校正集和预测集的相关系数分别为0.983 1和0.936 5,预测集的相对误差最大为7.5%,平均相对误差为3.04%,满足临床应用对血红蛋白测量精度的要求。结果表明： 动态光谱法可以有效的克服测量位置等测量条件对光谱测量的影响,较准确地进行人体血红蛋白浓度的测量,是一种比较好的血液成分无创测量方法。     

焙烧层状氢氧化镁铝对水中氟离子的吸附性能

研究了焙烧层状氢氧化镁铝(CLDH)对水中氟离子的吸附性能,考察了焙烧温度、吸附时间、吸附剂用量、溶液pH值等条件对吸附的影响.发现在较宽的pH(5.5～9.5)值范围内,CLDH对水中氟离子具有良好的吸附能力,室温下0.2gCLDH可将50mL浓度为15mg/L氟离子溶液处理为符合含氟标准的饮用水.吸附平衡符合Langmuir方程,在60min内达到饱和吸附,室温下饱和吸附量为22.64 mg/g.吸附饱和后的CLDH焙烧再生,循环使用5次后饱和吸附量为10.37 mg/g.