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61.
62.
Temperature dependence of the turn-on time delay (ton) of uncooled semiconductor laser diodes biased below and above threshold is analyzed in presence of data pattern effect.
We show that even when the laser is biased at or slightly above threshold, the increase in temperature of operation will lead
to increase in the threshold carrier (Nth) and consequently the laser diode will be biased below the threshold again and a significant value of ton will be produced. Thus, knowledge about a value of dc-bias current required to achieve zero ton within wide range of temperature degrees is important when considering uncooled laser diode in high-speed optical communication
systems. The temperature dependence of ton is calculated according to the temperature dependence of Nth and Auger recombination coefficient (C) and not by the well-know exponentional relationship of threshold current with temperature.
The temperature dependence of Nth is calculated according to the temperature dependence of laser cavity parameters. Advanced analytical model is derived in
term of carrier density, recombination coefficients and the injection current (Iinj). The validity of proposed model is confirmed by a numerical method. In addition, approximated models are included where
under specified assumptions the proposed model reduces to the well-known approximate models of ton. According to our typical values and at a specified value of modulation current, the dc-bias one (Iib) should be increased from Iib = Ith to Iib ≈ 1.25 and 1.5Ith in order to achieve approximately zero ton when the temperature increases from 25°C to 55°C and 85°C, respectively. 相似文献
63.
Residual determination and risk assessment of buprofezin in plum (Prunus domestica) grown in open‐field conditions following the application of three different formulations
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Md. Humayun Kabir A.M. Abd El‐Aty Sung‐Woo Kim Han Sol Lee Md. Musfiqur Rahman Young‐Jun Lee Hyung Suk Chung Truong Lieu Jeong‐Heui Choi Ho‐Chul Shin Geon‐Jae Im Su Myeong Hong Jae‐Han Shim 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2016,30(11):1721-1727
This study was conducted to characterize the residual level and perform a risk assessment on buprofezin formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, and suspension concentrate over various treatment schedules in plum (Prunus domestica). The samples were extracted with an AOAC quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe, ‘QuEChERS’, method after major modifications. As intrinsic interferences were observed in blank plum samples following dispersive‐solid phase extraction (consisting of primary secondary amine and C18 sorbents), amino cartridges were used for solid‐phase extraction. Analysis was carried out using liquid chromatography with diode array detection and confirmed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The method showed excellent linearity with determination coefficient (R2 = 1) and satisfactory recoveries (at two spiking levels, 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg) between 90.98 and 94.74% with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤8%. The limit of quantification (0.05 mg/kg) was considerably lower than the maximum residue limit (2 mg/kg) set by the Codex Alimentarius. Absolute residue levels for emulsifiable concentrates were highest, perhaps owing to the dilution rate and adjuvant. Notably, all formulation residues were lower than the maximum residue limit, and safety data proved that the fruits are safe for consumers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
64.
H. Ahmad K. Kumar M. A. Rahman M. M. Rahman M. A. J. Miah H. Minami M. A. Nuri 《先进技术聚合物》2013,24(8):740-746
Considering the application potentials of organic materials possessing both conducting and ferromagnetic functions in various electronic devices, an attempt was made to prepare conducting polyaniline (PANI) layered magnetic nano composite polymer particles. Two routes were used to modify magnetic Fe3O4 core particles. In one route, seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out in presence of nano‐sized Fe3O4 core particles. In another route, cross‐linker ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) was used in addition to MMA. The modified composite particles were named as Fe3O4/PMMA and Fe3O4/P(MMA‐EGDM), respectively. Finally, seeded chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline was carried out in the presence of Fe3O4/PMMA and Fe3O4/P(MMA‐EGDM) composite seed particles to obtain Fe3O4/PMMA/PANI and Fe3O4/P(MMA‐EGDM)/PANI composite polymer particles. The modification of Fe3O4 core particles was confirmed by electron micrographs, FTIR, UV–visible spectra, X‐ray photoelectron spectra, X‐ray diffraction pattern and thermogravimetric analyses. A comparative study showed that crosslinking of intermediate shell improved the magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity of PANI layered magnetic nano composite particles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
65.
The nucleophilic reaction of sodium cellulosate in the form of membrane or cotton fabric with 2, 4-dinitrohalo-benzenes, 2, 4, 6-trinitrochlorobenzene, 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzyl bromide, and 2, 4, 6-trinitrostyrene was investigated. The degree of substitution attained with the dinitroaryl derivatives was much higher than that with the trinitroaryl derivatives. The reaction proceeded through Meisen-heimer complexes, which in the case of the trinitro derivatives could be isolated. The ability of the polynitro phenyl ether derivatives of the cellulose to form n- and π-complexes was investigated using naphthalene and p-toluidine. No -π- complex was formed with the former, and the latter gave complexes only with the 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzyl or -phenethyl cellulose derivatives but not with the trinitrophenyl. The results were explained as due to steric hindrance from the polymeric cellulosic backbone. 相似文献
66.
Amayreh Mousa Chanbasha Basheer Abdul Rahman Al‐Arfaj 《Journal of separation science》2013,36(12):2003-2009
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method was developed for the determination of the amount of phthalate esters in bottled drinking water samples and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction samples were analyzed by GC–MS. Various experimental conditions influencing the extraction were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, very good linearity was observed for all analytes in a range between 0.05 and 150 μg/L with coefficient of determination (R2) between 0.995 and 0.999. The LODs based on S/N = 3 were 0.005–0.22 μg/L. The reproducibility of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was evaluated. The RSDs were 1.3–5.2% (n = 3). The concentrations of phthalates were determined in bottled samples available in half shell. To understand the leaching profile of these phthalates from bottled water, bottles were exposed to direct sunlight during summer (temperature from 34–57°C) and sampled at different intervals. Result showed that the proposed dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction is suitable for rapid determination of phthalates in bottled water and di‐n‐butyl, butyl benzyl, and bis‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate compounds leaching from bottles up to 36 h. Thereafter, degradation of phthalates was observed. 相似文献
67.
Use of microwave irradiation in the synthesis of arylidenemalononitrile and benzopyran derivatives in water without catalyst is a clean method with high yield. 相似文献
68.
Rahman Hosseinzadeh Mahmood Tajbakhsh Maryam Mohadjerani Parizad Rezaei Mohammad Alikarami 《合成通讯》2013,43(17):3023-3031
An efficient synthesis of diaryl ethers by the copper-catalyzed arylation of phenols with a variety of aryl iodide susing KF/Al2O3 as a suitable base and CuI and 1,3 diphenyl-1,3 propandione as the catalyst is described. 相似文献
69.
The stereoselective total synthesis of (−)-brevisamide, a novel marine cyclic ether alkaloid isolated from dinoflagellate karenia brevis is described. The key steps involved in this synthesis are the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and regioselective ring opening of chiral epoxide by Gilman's reagent. The tetrahydropyran core has been constructed by an intramolecular SN2 cyclisation. 相似文献
70.
Tanjina Afrin Sadia Nazneen Karobi M. Muhibur Rahman M. Yousuf A. Mollah Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan 《Journal of solution chemistry》2013,42(7):1488-1499
Water structure modification by sugars with a wide difference in stereoregular structures ranging from monosaccharide to trisaccharide and its consequence on the micellization behavior of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in aqueous medium have been investigated. The characteristic variation in water absorption peaks in the presence of d(?)fructose has been studied by near-infrared spectroscopy. The analyses show that the hydrogen bonding capability of d(+)glucose, d(?)fructose, sucrose, trehalose and raffinose is mainly responsible for the variation in water-additive interactions. The critical micelle concentration determined by specific conductivity measurement and aggregation number determined by steady state fluorescence quenching method show significant variations in presence of additives for CTAB in aqueous solution. The sugars interact with the water structure to varying extents owing to differences in hydrogen bonding capability depending on the stereoregularity of the structure. This induces differences in the microenvironment for competition between the hydrophobic interaction and degree of hydration of the hydrophilic group of the surfactant to ultimately influence the micellization behavior in aqueous solution. 相似文献