Phase equilibria in the Tl-TlBr-S system

The polythermal sections TlBr-Tl₂S, TlBr-Tl₄S₃, TlBr-TlS, and Tl₆SBr₄-Tl; the isothermal section at 300 K of the phase diagram; and the projection of the liquidus surface of the Tl-S-Br system have been investigated in the composition region Tl-TlBr-S by DTA, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, and microhardness measurements. The primary crystallization regions, including that of the only ternary compound (Tl₆SBr₄), have been determined, and the types and coordinates of the invariant and univariant equilibria in the phase diagram are determined.     

Ferromagnetic material CdGeP2:Mn for spintronics

Solid solutions Cd_1?x Mn_xGeP₂ (x=0?0.19) have been synthesized and identified. In these solutions, the unit cell parameters decrease with an increase in the manganese content. The solid solution Cd_0.81Mn_0.19GeP₂ is a ferromagnet with the Curie temperature T _C ≈ 311 K. The paramagnetic moment of Mn²⁺ ions equal to 5.8 μ_B, as well as the spontaneous magnetization constituting 76% of the total magnetization of a crystal, has been determined with the use of the Langevin function. The origin of ferromagnetism in CdGeP₂:Mn is exchange mediated by charge carriers (holes). These holes are caused by cationic defects in the structure of chalcopyrite.     

Complex formation of dimeric cyclophane zinc diphenylporphyrinates with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and pyrazine

The formation of host-guest complexes between dimeric cyclophane zinc diphenylporphyrinates and bidentate ligands of different nature containing two nitrogen atoms has been studied by the spectrophotometric titration method and ¹H NMR spectroscopy in a toluene-methanol (2: 1) binary solvent. The complexation of these dimeric porphyrinates with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane or pyrazine can lead to 1: 1 or 1: 2 complexes, depending on the metalloporphyrin-to-ligand molar ratio. The stability constants of the porphyrinate-ligand complexes and concentration ranges of their formation have been determined.     

Structure–activity studies on the fungitoxicity of some triorganotin(IV) compounds

Seventeen triorganotin(IV) compounds, with the general formula R₃SnX, containing symmetrical and unsymmetrical combinations of alkyl and aryl groups on tin and with a wide variation in the non-carbon-bonded anionic (X) residues, were examined along with three formally pentacoordinated adducts of triaryltin chlorides with triphenylphosphine oxide for their antifungal activity against nine plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi. The in vitro tests included inhibitory studies on radial growth, mycelial growth, spore germination, and germ tube elongation. A significant finding was the dependence of fungitoxicity on the nature of the X group in both the tributyltin and triaryltin series, in contrast to earlier published reports on the negligible influence of the X groups on overall toxicity relative to the R group. This suggests that the X group is significantly involved in transporting the biocide to the reactive sites, and that the X group which tends to confer increased solubility to the triorganotin compound gives rise to increased activity. In studies of R group variations, tri-iso-butyltin bromide was found to be much less fungitoxic than tri-n-butyltin compounds, a result which is reconcilable in terms of increased steric encumbrance at the tin site in the former case. The steric factor is also implicated in the reduced activities observed for tris(p-tolyl)tin and tris(p-chlorophenyl)tin compounds relative to (Ph₃SnX) towards most of the fungi screened in this study. In general, it was also noted that the triaryltins were more selective in their antifungal action than the trialkyltins, which exhibited broad spectral activity when applied at the concentration level of 10 μg cm^?3.     

Narrow linewidth 2 μm optical parametric oscillation in periodically poled LiNbO<Subscript>3</Subscript> with volume Bragg grating outcoupler

An optical parametric oscillator using a periodically poled LiNbO₃ crystal and a volume Bragg grating output coupler is presented. Signal and idler wavelengths of 2008 and 2264 nm were generated from the 1064 nm Nd:YVO₄ pump laser. The Bragg grating was reflecting in a narrow band around 2008 nm, creating a purely singly resonant cavity. Signal and idler linewidths of approximately 0.44 and 0.72 nm, respectively, were measured. This is a reduction of 80 and 60 times compared to when using a mirror as output coupler. A total output energy of 156 μJ was measured with 47% slope efficiency. PACS 42.65.Yj; 42.72.Ai; 42.40.Eq     

Envelopes of holomorphy of Jordan curves in ℂn

A comprehensive answer is given to two related questions: (i) Can continuous functions be approximated by holomorphic ones on Jordan curves in ?ⁿ (A.G. Vitushkin, 1964)? (ii) Is any Jordan curve in ?ⁿ holomorphically convex (E.L. Stout, 1970)?