结构力学中关于曲杆结构位移计算方法的探讨

在杆系结构位移计算中,鉴于曲杆形心轴和中性轴不重合,曲杆结构位移计算与直杆位移计算不同.本文主要分析了矩形截面曲杆结构在载荷作用、温度改变及支座移动的综合因素作用下其位移计算方法,并建立了相应的计算公式.最后结合具体实例,讨论了曲杆结构形式对各位移值大小的影响程度,研究表明对截面高度与曲率半径比值较小的曲杆(如h RC/5),可近似采用直杆位移公式计算,误差不大.     

实时高温作用下花岗岩冲击压缩力学特性研究

为研究实时高温作用对花岗岩冲击力学特性的影响,以川藏铁路色季拉山施工区域加里东期花岗岩为研究对象,利用分离式霍普金森杆（SHPB）及同步箱式电阻炉,对20～800 ℃实时高温下的花岗岩试件进行冲击压缩试验,分析高温作用及加载应变率对试件破碎特征、动态抗压强度及能量吸收情况的影响,基于粉晶X射线衍射分析矿物成分变化与花岗岩动力学强度的内在关联。研究表明：20～400 ℃高温试件以脆性劈裂破坏为主,碎片形态呈纺锤形,两端尖锐,而600 ℃高温试件以塑性破坏为主,形状趋于圆钝;试件峰值应力随温度升高具有先增大后减小的变化趋势,200 ℃时达到强度阈值,随后持续降低;单位体积岩石耗散能与加载应变率呈线性正相关关系,与温度呈二次函数关系,与峰值应力呈指数关系,拟合效果良好;石英、云母和长石三种主要矿物成分的含量波动、相态变化等因素共同导致花岗岩动力学强度在200 ℃后逐步劣化。

     

椭圆形孔扩张弹性分析

圆孔扩张理论作为一种相对成熟的理论工具已经广泛运用于岩土工程中的各类问题,但是对于初始孔为椭圆孔的扩孔问题,圆孔扩张理论并不适用.基于保角变换的方法将原物理平面上初始椭圆孔洞的外部映射到像平面上的单位圆外部,将原物理平面上由于椭圆孔洞扩张所产生的位移边界条件转换到像平面上,利用平面复变弹性理论,得到初始椭圆形孔洞孔扩张的弹性解.将论文椭圆孔扩张的退化解与传统圆孔扩张的弹性解进行对比分析,验证椭圆孔扩张弹性解的正确性.续而,针对一算例详细分析了椭圆孔扩张的弹性力学特性.研究结果表明,椭圆孔的退化解与传统的圆孔扩张弹性解完全一致,椭圆孔在弹性扩张过程中长轴方向比短轴方向较难扩张,长轴方向需要的扩张压力比短轴方向的要大.此外,当扩张率a2/a1=0.11/0.1=1.1时,扩张的影响半径为10倍的孔径左右.     

岩体爆破近区临界损伤质点峰值震动速度的确定

质点峰值振动速度(PPV)是爆破开挖扰动的重要指标,研究确定岩体临界损伤PPV对爆破损伤控制具有重要意义。以溪洛渡水电站640 m高程马道下边坡岩体的爆破开挖为工程背景,依据岩体跨孔声波测试结果,采用基于LS-DYNA的二次开发技术对保留岩体的损伤演化过程进行了数值模拟,结合数值模拟结果研究了爆破近区PPV的分布特征及其与损伤程度的对应关系,结果表明PPV存在门槛值,当PPV大于该值时,岩体的损伤变量从零开始迅速增加至0.8左右,之后随着PPV的增大,损伤增长速度明显减慢,直至岩体完全损伤;分别基于岩体的损伤度、最大拉应力的PPV判据以及近区拉应力峰值与PPV的统计关系等3种方法确定岩体临界损伤PPV,从定量衡量损伤区范围看,常用的基于最大拉应力的PPV判据确定的临界损伤PPV偏小,而其余2种方法确定的临界损伤PPV相对精确。

     

柴油爆炸性能外场实验研究

通过Ø30 mm杀爆燃弹外场炮击实验,模拟车辆、装备油箱被炮火击中后二次爆炸场景,采用高速照相机、红外热成像仪分别记录引爆柴油过程和爆炸火球的温度场,对比评估普通柴油、含水型柴油和抑爆型柴油的爆炸特性。实验结果显示：炮弹射击油箱瞬间,柴油液滴被抛撒出油箱,与空气快速混合形成气溶胶,并在炸药能量作用下引发爆炸,形成爆炸火球;不同类型柴油的爆炸火球均经历3个发展阶段,但其尺寸、扩展速率和表面温度等有较大差别,普通柴油和含水型柴油的火球这3个参数比较接近,都大于抑爆型柴油;含水型柴油的油箱毁伤容积为108.00 dm³,远高于普通柴油的57.65 dm³和抑爆型柴油的38.15 dm³。研究表明,抑爆柴油中的高分子聚合物能起到较好的抑爆作用。

     

Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Bioactivities

The leaves of Ligustrum robustum have been consumed as Ku-Ding-Cha for clearing heat and removing toxins, and they have been used as a folk medicine for curing hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in China. The phytochemical research on the leaves of L. robustum led to the isolation and identification of two new hexenol glycosides, two new butenol glycosides, and five new sugar esters, named ligurobustosides X (1a), X₁ (1b), Y (2a), and Y₁ (2b) and ligurobustates A (3a), B (3b), C (4b), D (5a), and E (5b), along with seven known compounds (4a and 6–10). Compounds 1–10 were tested for their inhibitory effects on fatty acid synthase (FAS), α-glucosidase, and α-amylase, as well as their antioxidant activities. Compound 2 showed strong FAS inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ 4.10 ± 0.12 μM) close to that of the positive control orlistat (IC₅₀ 4.46 ± 0.13 μM); compounds 7 and 9 revealed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activities; compounds 1–10 showed moderate α-amylase inhibitory activities; and compounds 1 and 10 displayed stronger 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging effects (IC₅₀ 3.41 ± 0.08~5.65 ± 0.19 μM) than the positive control l-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ 10.06 ± 0.19 μM). This study provides a theoretical foundation for the leaves of L. robustum as a functional tea to prevent diabetes and its complications.     

A Rapid Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Strategy of Carbamazepine in Serum by Using Coffee-Ring Effect Assisted Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Carbamazepine (CBZ) has a narrow therapeutic concentration range, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary for its safe and effective individualized medication. This study aims to develop a procedure for CBZ detection in serum using coffee-ring effect assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Silver nanoparticles deposited onto silicon wafers were used as the SERS-active material. Surface treatment optimization of the silicon wafers and the liquid–liquid extraction method were conducted to eliminate the influence of impurities on the silicon wafer surface and the protein matrix. The proposed detection procedure allows for the fast determination of CBZ in artificially spiked serum samples within a concentration range of 2.5–40 μg·mL⁻¹, which matches the range of the drug concentrations in the serum after oral medication. The limit of detection for CBZ was found to be 0.01 μg·mL⁻¹. The developed method allowed CBZ and its metabolites to be ultimately distinguished from real serum samples. The developed method is anticipated to be a potential tool for monitoring other drug concentrations.     

Two birds one stone: β-fluoropyrrolyl-cysteine SNAr chemistry enabling functional porphyrin bioconjugation

Bioconjugation, a synthetic tool that endows small molecules with biocompatibility and target specificity through covalent attachment of a biomolecule, holds promise for next-generation diagnosis or therapy. Besides the establishment of chemical bonding, such chemical modification concurrently allows alteration of the physicochemical properties of small molecules, but this has been paid less attention in designing novel bioconjugates. Here, we report a “two birds one stone” methodology for irreversible porphyrin bioconjugation based on β-fluoropyrrolyl-cysteine S_NAr chemistry, in which the β-fluorine of porphyrin is selectively replaced by a cysteine in either peptides or proteins to generate novel β-peptidyl/proteic porphyrins. Notably, due to the distinct electronic nature between fluorine and sulfur, such replacement makes the Q band red-shift to the near-infrared region (NIR, >700 nm). This facilitates intersystem crossing (ISC) to enhance the triplet population and thus singlet oxygen production. This new methodology features water tolerance, a fast reaction time (15 min), good chemo-selectivity, and broad substrate scope, including various peptides and proteins under mild conditions. To demonstrate its potential, we applied porphyrin β-bioconjugates in several scenarios, including (1) cytosolic delivery of functional proteins, (2) metabolic glycan labeling, (3) caspase-3 detection, and (4) tumor-targeting phototheranostics.

This work demonstrates ‘two birds one stone’ β-fluoropyrrolyl-cysteine SNAr chemistry. This methodology not only achieves porphyrin peptide/protein conjugates but also induces attractive porphyrinic photophysical properties to facilitate promising biological applications.     

基于激光等离子体研究的高性能扫描晶体谱仪（英）

在激光等离子体研究中,电磁脉冲干扰对实验结果影响很大,为了减小这一影响,设计一款新的扫描晶体谱仪,整个机身设计成几乎全密闭的良导体。该晶体谱仪通过更换晶体和调整入射角可以获得较宽范围的测量窗口。在X光光谱为2.5~3.5 keV范围内的测量试验中,该扫描晶体谱仪的谱分辨能力为13（在2960 eV）,时间分辨率为10 ps。其谱分辨和时间分辨可以满足对激光等离子体的研究。     

基于子孔径拼接的衍射干涉靶丸形貌检测技术

为实现惯性约束聚变实验中核心部件球形靶丸表面形貌的高精度、高效率、无遗漏检测,建立了基于子孔径拼接和衍射干涉技术相结合的靶丸形貌测量装置,给出了测量的基本原理及系统单孔径横向分辨率的计算方法,并对靶丸旋转扫描时子孔径的排布进行了划分。针对点云数据横向间隔过大导致匹配算法迭代收敛速度缓慢,甚至不收敛的问题,提出以虚拟的极小半径代替实际曲率半径,将点云进行横向压缩的方法,在保持形貌特征不变的同时提高算法的匹配速度和准确性。最后,对直径1 mm的镀金球靶进行了实际测量,得到拼接后相对形貌误差峰谷值和均方根值分别为1.332和0.479的检测结果,可以同时获得表面形貌的整体起伏特征,以及局部的形貌细节。