New aspects in the reaction of azomethines with cyclic CH-acidic compounds

Summary Treatment of substituted benzylidene anilines1 a – df with cyclic CH-acidic compounds2a–m in ethanol at room temperature yields in additon/elimination reactions the corresponding arylidene derivatives4 and the 2:1 adducts5. The addition products3, which are formed as intermediates, could not be isolated in any case. The donor/acceptor effect of the substituents on the benzylidene moiety influences to a significant extent the reactivity towards the azomethine carbon.

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Neue Aspekte der Reaktion von Azomethinen mit cyclischen CH-aciden Verbindungen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Umsetzung der substituierten Benzylidenaniline1 a – f mit den cyclischen CH-aciden Verbindungen2 a – m in Ethanol bei Raumtemperatur erhält man in Additions/Eliminierungsreaktionen die Arylidenderivate4 und die 2:1-Addukte5. Die als Intermediat gebildeten Additionsprodukte3 konnten in keinem Fall isoliert werden. Die Donor-bzw. Acceptorwirkung der Substituenten am Benzylidenrest beeinflußt maßgebend die Reaktivität am Azomethinkohlenstoff.

     

Goldstone mode singularities and equation of state of an isotropic magnet

Static properties of an isotropic magnet are calculated in the whole critical region including the magnetization curve. The method proposed is a resummation of renormalized perturbation theory without use of recursion relations. This is possible because only special diagrams or subdiagrams show infrared divergencies at the magnetization curve due to Goldstone modes. The arguments given are heavily based on Ward identities. The resulting perturbation theory is well behaved in the total critical region and exhibits explicitely the form of the Goldstone mode singularities at the magnetization curve. The equation of state is calculated including two-loop contribution. Resulting effective exponents are then correct in order in the whole critical region. In various limits agreement with known results is found. A one-loop calculation of the correlation functions is also given.     

Combined electron diffraction,conformational energy and vibrational investigations of cis-1,4-ditertiary butyl-cyclohexane

The structure of cis-1,4-ditertiarybutylcyclohexane(DTBC) was investigated by combined electron diffraction, conformational and vibrational analyses in order to obtain results which are more conclusive than those previously obtained by electron diffraction alone. In this study, first the minimum energy conformations for DTBC were calculated by the Westheimer-Hendrickson procedure using various force fields described in the literature; the same fields and the minimum energy conformations were used in subsequent vibrational analyses to calculate the mean amplitudes of vibration for each minimum energy conformation of DTBC; these mean amplitudes and the corresponding internuclear distances were then used to calculate the theoretical electron diffraction radial distribution curves which were compared to the experimental curves. The results indicate that the conformational energies of all the minimum energy chair and non-chair forms of DTBC are very similar. In excellent agreement with this, the theoretical radial distribution curves of all minimum energy forms have to be mixed for a best fit to the experimental radial distribution curve. A least squares analysis of the mixture under the described conditions yields for 110 °C a composition of approximately one third chair and two thirds non-chair forms. The quality of the empirical conformational force fields has a definite influence on the reliability of these results.     

Untersuchungen zur elektrochemischen Simultanbestimmung von Blei und Zinn

Zusammenfassung Die starke Temperaturabhängigkeit des polarographischen Zinn(II/0)-Signals in Lösungen des vierwertigen Zinns ermöglicht bei –32° C in methanolischer salzsaurer Grundlösung die Bestimmung des Bleis neben hohem Zinnüberschuß. Eine Anwendung des Verfahrens zur wechselstrompolarographischen Bestimmung des Bleis in Rohzinn wird beschrieben.

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Investigations on the simultaneous electrochemical determination of lead and tinII. Polarographic determination of lead in the presence of tin at lower temperatures

Summary The strong temperature dependence of the polarographic tin(II/0) signal in solutions containing tin(IV) renders possible the determination of lead in the presence of a high excess of tin at working temperatures of –32° C in hydrochloric methanol as supporting electrolyte solution. An application of the procedure to the ac-polarographic determination of lead in crude tin is described.

Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde in dankenswerter Weise durch Mittel der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und des Verbandes der Chemischen Industrie ermöglicht.     

A Variable-Pressure 2D 1H-NMR Study of the Mechanism of Trimethyl Phosphate Intermolecular Exchange and cis/trains-Isomerisation of Tetrachlorobis(trimethyl phosphate)zirconium(IV)

In chloroform, [ZrCl₄·2(MeO)₃PO] exists in both cis- and trans-isomeric forms. Three reactions can be envisaged in the presence of excess (MeO)₃PO = L: (1) cis-[ZrCl₄·2L] + *L?cis-[ZrCl₄·L*L]+ L; (2) trans-[ZrCl₄·2L] + *L ? trans-[ZrCl₄·L*L] + L; (3) cis-[ZrCl₄·2L]? trans-[ZrCl₄·2L]. To distinguish between these possible reaction pathways, we have used 2D ₁H-NMR spectroscopy. For the first time, variable-pressure 2D exchange spectra were used for mechanistic assignments. cis/trans-Isomerisation was found to be the fastest reaction (in CHCl₃/CDCl₃), with a small acceleration at higher pressure: it is concluded to be an intramolecular process with a slightly contracted six-coordinate transition state. The intermolecular (MeO)₃PO exchange on the cis- and trans-isomer are second-order processes and are strongly accelerated by increased pressure: I_a mechanisms are suggested without ruling out limiting A mechanisms.     

Gasförmige Acetate

Gaseous Acetates Thermoanalytical and mass-spectrometrical observations are undertaken with some acetates and oxiacetates. The volatilization of copper(I) acetate takes place like that of the silver acetate as M₂Ac₂⁺ (besides the deposition of Ag). On the volatilization of the anhydrous compounds Cu₂Ac₄, Cr₂Ac₄, Rh₂Ac₄, and Mo₂Ac₄ in the vacuum of a mass spectrometer is observed that Cu₂Ac₄ vaporizes dissociative as Cu₂Ac₂⁺ (+ 2 “Ac”), while the other compounds vaporize as M₂Ac₄⁺ and simultaneously is formed an oxidic (e.g. Cr₂O₄) or metallic residue. PdAc₂ vaporizes in the mass spectrometer as a trimeric molecule Pd₃Ac₆. M₄OAc₆, which is formed from the dihydrates, vaporizes in a mass spectrometer with M ? Co, Mn as M₄OAc₆⁺. Other complexes of the same type appear as Be₄OAc₅⁺, Mg₄OAc₅⁺, and Zn₄OAc₅⁺.     

The effect of pyridinecarboxylate chelating groups on the stability and electronic relaxation of gadolinium complexes

The ligand N,N'-bis[(6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (H(4)bpeda) was synthesised using an improved procedure which requires a reduced number of steps and leads to a higher yield with respect to the published procedure. It was obtained in three steps from diethylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate and commercially available ethylenediamine-N,N[prime or minute]-diacetic acid with a total yield of approximately 20%. The crystal structure of the hexa-protonated form of the ligand which was determined by X-ray diffraction shows that the four carboxylates and the two amines are protonated. The crystal structure of the polynuclear complex [Gd(bpeda)(H(2)O)(2)](3)[Gd(H(2)O)(6)](2)Cl(3)(2), isolated by slow evaporation of a 1:1 mixture of GdCl(3) and H(4)bpeda at pH approximately 1, was determined by X-ray diffraction. In complex three [Gd(bpeda)(H(2)O)(2)] units, containing a Gd(III) ion ten-coordinated by the octadentate bpeda and two water molecules, are connected in a pentametallic structure by two hexa-aquo Gd(3+) cations through four carboxylato bridges. The protonation constants (pK(a1)= 2.9(1), pK(a2)= 3.5(1), pK(a3)= 5.2(2), and pK(a4)= 8.5(1)) and the stability constants of the complexes formed between Gd(III) and Ca(II) ions and H(4)bpeda (log beta(GdL)= 15.1(3); log beta(CaL)= 9.4(1)) were determined by potentiometric titration. The unexpected decrease in the stability of the gadolinium complex and of the calcium complex of the octadentate ligand bpeda(4-) with respect to the hexadentate ligand edta(4-) has been interpreted in terms of an overall lower contribution to stability of the metal-nitrogen interactions. The EPR spectra display very broad lines (apparent DeltaH(pp) approximately 800-1200 G at X-band and 90-110 G at Q-band depending on the temperature), indicating a rapid transverse electron spin relaxation. At X-band, Gd(bpeda) is among the fastest relaxing Gd(3+) complexes to date suggesting that the presence of pyridinecarboxylate chelating groups in itself does not lead to slow electron relaxation.     

Modellrechnungen an einigen Siliziumwasserstoffverbindungen vom Typ SiHn,SiH n + und SiH n − nach der Einzentrenmethode

Zusammenfassung Es werden molekulare Struktur, Energie des Grundzustandes, Bindungsabstände, Bindungsenergie, Ionisierungsenergie und Protonenaffinität der Siliziumwasserstoffverbindungen SiH _n , SiH _n ⁺ und SiH_n ^– (n=3, 4 oder 5) nach der Einzentrenmethode berechnet.

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OCE-calculations on some silicon hydrides of the type SiH _n , SiH _n ⁺ and SiH _n ^–

OCE-Calculations are reported for molecular structures, ground state energies, bond distances, binding energies, ionization potentials and proton affinities of the silicon hydrides SiH _n , SiH _n ⁺ and SiH _n ^– (n=3, 4 or 5).

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Résumé Calcul par la méthode monocentrique de la structure moléculaire, de l'énergie de l'état fondamental, des longueurs de liaison, des énergies de liaison, des potentiels d'ionisation et des affinités protoniques pour les hydrures de silicium SiH _n , SiH _n ⁺ et SiH _n ^– (n=3, 4 ou 5).

     

Determination of physiological noble metals in human urine using liquid-liquid extraction and Zeeman electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

An extremely sensitive, reliable and simple procedure is described for the determination of physiological palladium, platinum and gold in human urine. The urine samples were adjusted to pH 4 (Pd, Au) or pH 5 (Pt), followed by conversion of the analytes to their pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate complexes. These complexes were separated from the matrix by liquid-liquid extraction into 4-methyl-2-pentanone resulting in a 25-fold enrichment. Determination was by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) using longitudinal inverse alternating current Zeeman-effect background correction. The limits of detection calculated from three standard deviations of the blank values were 20 ng l⁻¹ for Pd and Au and 70 ng l⁻¹ Pt. Within-day precision (n = 10, 5 μg l⁻¹) ranged 5.2%–7.7%. The procedure is successfully applied to determine urinary palladium, platinum and gold in nine unexposed persons. Palladium levels in urine ranged < 20–80 ng l⁻¹ (arithmetical MEAN=38.7 ng l⁻¹), while gold levels ranged < 20–130 ng l⁻¹ (36.0 ng l⁻¹). Physiological platinum levels in urine were all < 70 ng l⁻¹. The accuracy of the procedure was checked by analyzing a series of urine samples by a second independent method (magnetic sector field inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) in combination with UV photolysis.