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41.
Thirty-three bituminous coal samples were utilized to test the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique for coal elemental concentration measurement in the air. The heterogeneity of the samples and the pyrolysis or combustion of coal during the laser–sample interaction processes were analyzed to be the main reason for large fluctuation of detected spectra and low calibration quality. Compared with the generally applied normalization with the whole spectral area, normalization with segmental spectral area was found to largely improve the measurement precision and accuracy. The concentrations of major element C in coal were determined by a novel partial least squares (PLS) model based on dominant factor. Dominant C concentration information was taken from the carbon characteristic line intensity since it contains the most-related information, even if not accurately. This dominant factor model was further improved by inducting non-linear relation by partially modeling the inter-element interference effect. The residuals were further corrected by PLS with the full spectrum information. With the physical-principle-based dominant factor to calculate the main quantitative information and to partially explicitly include the non-linear relation, the proposed PLS model avoids the overuse of unrelated noise to some extent and becomes more robust over a wider C concentration range. Results show that RMSEP in the proposed PLS model decreased to 4.47% from 5.52% for the conventional PLS with full spectrum input, while R 2 remained as high as 0.999, and RMSEC&P was reduced from 3.60% to 2.92%, showing the overall improvement of the proposed PLS model.  相似文献   
42.
The as-deposited and annealed Ge-Au film and Ge-Au/Au bilayer films have been observed by transmission electron microscopy. The bilayer with a composition of Ge-5at%Au film is amorphous, while the Ge-22at%Au film is polycrystalline. Higher concentration of Au raises the structural heterogeneity and instability. Fractals can be observed in the Ge-5at%Au/Au bilayer samples annealed at 60-100℃. The difference of the fractal patterns generated from Ge-Au/An and a-Ge/Au films call be attributed to the higher heterogeneity and instability in Ge-Au/An bilayers.  相似文献   
43.
We present a coupled decreasing sequence of random walks on Z that dominate the edge process of oriented bond percolation in two dimensions. Using the concept of random walk in a strip, we describe an algorithm that generates an increasing sequence of lower bounds that converges to the critical probability of oriented percolation pc. From the 7th term on, these lower bounds improve upon 0.6298, the best rigorous lower bound at present, establishing 0.63328 as a rigorous lower bound for pc. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation technique is presented; the use thereof establishes 0.64450 as a non-rigorous five-digit-precision (lower) estimate for pc. Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 60K35 Supported by CNPq (grant N.301637/91-1). Supported by a grant from CNPq.  相似文献   
44.
We say that a rank-unimodal poset P has rapidly decreasing rank numbers, or the RDR property, if above (resp. below) the largest ranks of P, the size of each level is at most half of the previous (resp. next) one. We show that a finite rank-unimodal, rank-symmetric, normalized matching, RDR poset of width w has a partition into w chains such that the sizes of the chains are one of two consecutive integers. In particular, there exists a partition of the linear lattices Ln(q) (subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space over a finite field, ordered by inclusion) into chains such that the number of chains is the width of Ln(q) and the sizes of the chains are one of two consecutive integers.  相似文献   
45.
We observed the two-dimensional plasmons of the two-component electron plasma in the (001) Si-inversion layer resulting from simultaneous population of the [001] valley, E0, and the [010] valley, E0′, subbands under a compressional uniaxial stress along [010]. Our data show an onset of electron transfer from E0 to E0′ at X = (1.4 ± 0.1) kbar for n = 1.67 × 1012 cm?2 and X = (1.2 ± 0.2) kbar for n = 2.60 × 1012 cm?2, consistent with the theory of Takada and Ando that includes the electron-electron correlation effects.  相似文献   
46.
Inclusive4He and4H energy spectra and heavy fragment coincidence correlations have been measured for reactions of 7.31 MeV/u238U with238U and?197Au targets. The H/He production cross sections are in the range 15–26 mb, and their emission spectra are very similar for the two systems. The observed strong kinematic shifts with angle are reproduced in shape and magnitude by Monte Carlo simulations of particle evaporation from projectile-like and target-like fragments, indicating competition between charged particle emission and sequential fission. No evidence is found for high energy charged particle emission associated with ultra-highZ composite systems. Heavy fragment measurements indicate an abundance of quasielastic and deeply inelastic reaction fragments, as well as sequential fission of target and projectile nuclei. For238U nuclei, the fission occurs predominantly in an asymmetric mode, reminiscent of fission at low excitation energy. For238+238U reactions in the vicinity of the grazing angle, the frequency of single sequential fission (with survival of the partner fragment) is twice as large as double sequential fission in which both the target and projectile undergo fission. In238U+197Au reactions, the survival probability of the heavy fragments is even greater. The surprisingly high survival probabilities of high-Z fragments imply a preponderance of very soft collisions in these very-heavy-ion reactions, at least at energies not very far over the Coulomb barrier.  相似文献   
47.
Information on the peak electron energy, angular spread, and current density of a relativistic electron beam propagating in a plasma column is obtained from measurements of two-absorber transmission ratios, anistropy, and intensity, respectively, of x-ray bremsstrahlung from thin target foils in the plasma. Measurements indicate a 10% loss in peak electron energy and a factor of two loss in peak beam intensity over the distance of the plasma column, and show a large angular spread in the beam.  相似文献   
48.
49.
We observed narrow-band far infrared emission from Si-MOSFETs with metallic gratings fabricated on the optically semitransparent gate. The gate voltage dependence of the emission frequency, analyzed by a magnetic field tuned detector, shows that it results from radiative decay of the two-dimensional metallic grating.  相似文献   
50.
Internal bremsstrahlung (IB) emitted in the non-unique first-forbidden electron capture decay of the 72? ground state of 145Sm to the 72+ 61 keV first excited level of 145Pm has been studied. The total IB spectrum and the IB spectrum for captures proceeding via the 1s shell were measured for photons in the energy range of 100–580 keV and the spectra were normalized to the non-radiative capture rate. The experimental data agree with theoretical predictions.  相似文献   
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