Local environment and electron correlation effects on the magnetic properties of clusters

The electronic and magnetic properties of clusters are investigated in the framework of the Hubbard model by treating electron correlations effects in a saddle-point slave-boson approximation. The size dependent single-particle spectrum is calculated using a third moment real-space expansion of the local density of states. Results for the magnetic moments, magnetic order, average number of double occupations and hopping renormalizations are given as a function of the local coordination number z, for different representative values of the Coulomb interaction strength U/t and band filling n. Several transitions between paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic behaviors are obtained as a function of z. The environment dependence of the magnetic behavior and of the degree of electron delocalization is analyzed. Advantages and limitations of the present approach are discussed. Received: 8 January 1998 / Revised: 22 June 1998 / Accepted: 6 August 1998     

谷物中噻吩甲氯残留量的气相色谱-质谱测定

应用气相色谱－ 质谱法确证及测定谷物（ 糙米、玉米） 中噻吩甲氯的残留含量, 试样采用水－ 丙酮提取,提取液经与石油醚液－ 液分配后, 再以硅酸镁载体（Ｆｌｏｒｉｓｉｌ） 柱净化, 气相色谱－ 质量选择检测器选择离子监测方式（ ＧＣ－ ＭＳＤ－ ＳＩＭ） 进行测定和阳性确证。噻吩甲氯选择监测离子的种类为ｍ／ ｚ ２８７ 、２８８ 、３２３ , 其丰度比约为４６ ∶１００ ∶１１ 。采用外标法定量, 方法检出限为０ ．０１０ ×１０ － ６ 。     

铁系无铬(NBC-1)型高温变换催化剂 Ⅳ.吸附性能及CO变换反应机理的研究

通过程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）、程序升温表面反应（ＴＰＳＲ）及脉冲反应（ＰＳＲ）等化学物理技术,综合分析研究了铁系无铬（ＮＢＣ－１）型ＣＯ高温变换催化剂的吸附性能及化学反应特性。研究表明,ＮＢＣ－１型催化剂对Ｈ２Ｏ具有很强的吸附能力,不易吸附ＣＯ及ＣＯ２,该催化剂上水煤气变换反应的机理为氧化－还原（ｒｅｄｏｘ）反应机理     

Lu2Si2O7∶Ce纳米晶的溶胶-凝胶法合成和闪烁性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Lu2Si2O7∶Ce纳米晶,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光光谱仪、X射线激发发射谱仪对制备的Lu2Si2O7∶Ce纳米晶的晶相结构、微观形貌和光学性能进行了表征。结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的Lu2Si2O7∶Ce前驱体在煅烧温度为1000℃时开始晶化,晶粒尺寸随着煅烧温度的升高而变大,1200℃煅烧2 h后的晶体颗粒均匀,分散性最优,平均晶粒尺寸约为28.9 nm,呈近球形;Lu2Si2O7∶Ce纳米晶的紫外吸收谱存在峰位分别为304 nm和350 nm两个吸收峰,源自于Ce^3+离子的4f→5d跃迁;光致发射谱和X射线激发发射谱都表现为典型的非对称双峰结构,归属于Ce^3+离子的5d^1→2F5/2和5d^1→2F7/2跃迁,Ce^3+离子的最佳掺杂浓度约为1%;荧光衰减时间约为37.2 ns,可满足高时间分辨X射线探测需要。     

A unified description of shape coexistence and mixed-symmetry states in ~(98)Mo using IBM-2

Level structure and electromagnetic transitions in ~(98)Mo have been investigated on the basis of the proton-neutron interacting boson model(IBM-2) by considering the energy difference between neutron boson ε_ν and proton boson ε_π. The results are compared with the recent experimental data and it is observed that they are in good agreement. In particular, the strongest M1 transition from 2_5~+ state to 2_2~+ can be well reproduced, from which one can determine the 2_5~+ as an mixed-symmetry(MS) state. We have calculated the electric monopole strength ρ~2(E0,0_2~+→0_1~+), and our result agrees with the experimental one. The calculation indicates that shape coexistence and MS states are simultaneously well described using IBM-2.     

Cl掺杂γ-CuI晶体生长及闪烁性能的研究

采用溶剂蒸发技术,辅以氩保护气氛,成功获得厘米级氯掺杂γ-CuI透明单晶.研究了氯掺杂对晶体生长溶液的稳定性、晶体结构及发光性能的影响.通过引入氩气氛,掺氯生长液及晶体的氧化问题得到了极大改善.X射线激发发射光谱表明,γ-CuI:Cl晶体的超快近带边发射得到显著增强,光输出约为PbWO4晶体的89;,深能级发射强度也受到极大抑制.并且快成分的衰减时间达到亚纳秒量级.实验结果均表明γ-CuI:Cl单晶具有较好的结晶性和光学性能,有望应用于超高辐射检测和超快计数率成像领域.     

Two-dimensional heterostructures built from ultrathin CeO2 nanosheet surface-coordinated and confined metal–organic frameworks with enhanced stability and catalytic performance

Two-dimensional (2D) metal–organic framework (MOF) based heterostructures will be greatly advantageous to enhance catalytic performance because they increase the contact surface and charge transfer. Herein, a novel 2D heterostructure named CeO₂@NiFe-MOFs, in which monolayer NiFe-MOFs is coordinated with ceria (CeO₂) to improve catalytic and stability performance, is successfully constructed by the strategy of in situ growth on the surface of ultrathin CeO₂ nanosheets being functionalized with monolayer carboxylic acid groups. The 2D heterostructure possesses a sandwich structure, where monolayer NiFe-MOFs are coordinated to both the top and bottom surface of CeO₂ nanosheets via joining carboxylic acid groups. In particular, CeO₂ with robust coordination plays a significant role in the anchoring of carboxylic acid groups and binding strength of heterostructures. The 2D CeO₂@NiFe-MOF heterostructure with a joint effect of metal–ligand coordination not only presents good structural stability but also significantly enhances the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) efficiencies in comparison to bare NiFe-MOFs, achieving a current density of 20 mA cm⁻² at a low overpotential of 248 mV as well as durability for at least 40 h. Meanwhile, the electronics, optics, band gap energy and local strains of CeO₂ decorated with 2D NiFe-MOFs are different to the properties of bare CeO₂. Our study on the construction of an ultrathin CeO₂ surface-coordinated and confined MOF layer may pave a new way for novel 2D MOF composites/heterostructures or multi-functional 2D CeO₂ materials to be used in energy conversion or other fields.

A synthetic strategy to prepare 2D heterostructures from ultrathin CeO₂ surface-coordinated metal–organic framework was proposed, proving multiple effects of metal-coordinated interactions in 2D heterostructures.     

苯胺在碱性溶液中的电化学聚合和聚合物的性质

苯胺在碱性溶液中电化学氧化时，阳极上形成深黄色的聚苯胺，其氧化峰电位为０．７Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ含饱和ＫＣｌ溶液），比在酸性溶液中氧化约低０．３Ｖ，环一盘电极实验结果表明，在碱性溶液中，苯胺氧化时生成两种可溶性的中间物，形成的聚合物颜色不随电位和ｐＨ值而变化，在空气和碱性溶液中具有很高的稳定性，在紫外－可见光谱图上，聚合物的吸收峰出现在５００ｍ左右。     

半线性二阶阻尼微分方程的振动定理

利用积分平均技巧,得到了半线性二阶阻尼微分方程[a(t)|x′(t)|α-1x′(t)]′+p(t)k(t,x(t),x′(t))x′(t)+q(t)|x(t)|α-1x(t)=0的一些新的振动定理.这些结果改进和推广了Manojlovic J V[5]的结果.     

超声速气流中脉冲正爆震波起爆详细化学动力学数值模拟

本文应用ce/se方法和chemkinII源代码构建了二维无粘多组分详细化学反应流计算模型,研究表明能该模型够精确地捕捉激波和燃烧波等强间断面.通过区域分裂法和MPI数据传递实现了SPMD并行计算,在一定程度上缓解了复杂化学反应对计算资源的要求.数值模拟的结果表明当来流马赫数小于CJ马赫数时,楔面可以成功地起爆向上游传播的正爆震波.