Disposable ionic liquid coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in paints followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a disposable ionic liquid (IL) coating was developed for headspace extraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in paints. The SPME fiber was coated with IL prior to every extraction, then the analytes were extracted and desorbed on the injection port of gas chromatography, and finally the IL coating on the fiber was washed out with solvents. The coating and washing out of IL from the fiber can be finished in a few minutes. This disposable IL-coated fiber was applied to determine BTEX in water-soluble paints with results in good agreement with that obtained by using commercially available SPME fibers. For all the four studied paints samples, the benzene contents were under the detection limits, but relatively high contents of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (56-271 microg g(-1)) were detected with spiked recoveries in the range of 70-114%. Compared to the widely used commercially available SPME fibers, this proposed disposable IL-coated fiber has much lower cost per determination, comparable reproducibility (RSD < 11%), and no carryover between each determination. Considering that IL possess good extractability for various organic compounds and metals ions, and that task-specific IL can be designed and synthesized for selective extraction of target analytes, this disposable IL coating SPME might has great potential in sample preparation.     

Micellar solutions of sulfobetaine surfactants in water-ethylene glycol mixtures: surface tension, fluorescence, spectroscopic, conductometric, and kinetic studies

Micellization in water-ethylene glycol (EG) N-dodecyl, N-tetradecyl, and N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (SB3-12, SB3-14, and SB3-16, respectively) micellar solutions, with the weight percent of EG changing within the range 0-40, was studied by means of surface tension measurements. Information about the influence of the added EG on the aggregation number of the sulfobetaine micelles and on the polarity of the interfacial region of micelles was obtained through fluorescence and spectroscopic measurements. Surface tension measurements also provide information about the dependence of the surface excess concentration, the minimum area per surfactant molecule, the surface pressure at the cmc, and the standard Gibbs energy of adsorption on the added weight percent of the organic solvent. The Gordon parameter of the water-EG mixtures was also estimated by means of surface tension measurements. The thermodynamic and structural changes originated by the presence of EG control the micellar kinetic effects observed in the reaction methyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate + Br(-) occurring in the water-EG sulfobetaine micellar solutions. Information about the distribution of bromide ions between the bulk and micellar pseudophases was obtained through conductivity measurements. The kinetic micellar effects were quantitatively explained by using the pseudophase kinetic model.     

Conformation dependence of electronic structures of poly(ethylene oxide)

The electronic structure of pure poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) for four different polymeric chain conformations has been studied by Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) through the analysis of their valence band photoelectron spectroscopy (VB-PES), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). It is shown that the valence band of PEO presents specific conformation dependence, which can be used as a fingerprint of the polymeric structures. The calculated spectra have been compared with experimental results for PEO powder.     

Probing the local structure and mechanical response of nanostructures using force modulation and nanofabrication

Nanostructures of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are designed and produced using coadsorption and nanografting techniques. Because the structures of these artificially engineered domains are predesigned and well-characterized, a systematic investigation is possible to study the mechanical responses to force modulation under atomic force microscope tips. Force modulation imaging reveals characteristic contrast sensitivity to changes in molecular-level packing, molecule chain lengths, domain boundaries, and surface chemical functionalities in SAMs. By means of actively tuning the driving frequency, the resonances at the tip-surface contact are selectively activated. Therefore, specific surface features, such as the edges of the domains and nanostructures or desired chemical functionalities, can be selectively enhanced in the amplitude images. These observations provide a new and active approach in materials characterization and the study of nanotribology using atomic force microscopy.     

Raman spectroscopic analysis of supersaturated aqueous solution of MgO.B2O3-32%MgCl2-H2O during acidification and dilution

Raman spectra of supersaturated aqueous solution of MgO.B2O3-32%MgCl2-H2O during acidification/alkalization and dilution have been studied. The assignments of the recorded Raman shift are given. The main existing forms of polyborate anions and their interaction in borate aqueous solution have been proposed through spectroscopic analysis. The experimental results indicate that the higher concentration of cation are beneficial not only to the dissolution of boric acid but also to the polymerization of polyborate anions. The existing forms and interaction among them also depend on the concentration of boron and the pH value in solution.     

HPLC–MS Analysis of Isoniazid in Dog Plasma

A simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric (LC–MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of isoniazid in dog plasma. Plasma samples were deproteined with methanol and separated on a C₁₈ column interfaced with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer, using 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile (91:9 v/v) as mobile phase. Detection was performed by positive electrospray ionization with selected ion monitoring at m/z 138 for isoniazid and 152 for entecavir maleate internal standard. Linearity was obtained over the range of 25–5,000 ng mL^?1, with a lower limit of quantification of 25 ng mL^?1. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 2.7% in terms of relative standard deviation. Accuracy, expressed as relative error, ranged from ?2.0 to 8.0%. Plasma samples were analysed within 5 min. The method was successfully applied to the evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid in dog plasma.     

同时测定食用植物油中抗氧剂叔丁基对羟基茴香醚和2，6－二叔丁基对甲酚的方法

报道了用高效液用色谱法同时测定食用植物油中的抗氧剂叔丁基对羟基茴香醚（ＢＨＡ）和２，６－二叔丁基对甲酚（ＢＨＴ）的实验方法。采用ＺｏｒｂａｘＯＤＳＣ_（１８）色谱住，甲醇：水（９０：１０，Ｖ／Ｖ）作流动相，检测波长为２４５ｎｍ，流速为１ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ。检测下限分别为１５ｎｇ（ＢＨＡ），９０ｎｇ（ＢＨＴ），回收率分别是９６．８％±９．８％（ＢＨＡ），９９．０％±３．２％（ＢＨＴ）。方法快速、准确，灵敏度高。     

Extraction of Americium(III) and Europium(III) with Two Open-Chain Crown Ethers of Amide Type

The extraction of Am³⁺ and Eu³⁺ from aqueous picric acid solution by N, N-dinaphthyl-N, N-diphenyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamide (L^I) and 1, 1-(3, 6, 9-trioxaundecanedionyl)diphenothiazine (L^II) was investigated by a radioactive tracer technique. Extraction distribution ratios of Am³⁺ and Eu³⁺ have been measured as a function of pH, picric acid concentration, extractant concentration, diluent and temperature. The extraction of Am³⁺ is preferred to that of Eu³⁺ for both L^I and L^II, and the latter gives larger separation factor than the former. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters of extraction reactions were also calculated.     

磺化酞菁铜分子膜／SiO2／Si界面电荷转移机制的研究

在具有不同氧化层厚度的p型硅基片上修饰2层磺化酞菁铜分子膜.利用时间分辨表面光电压谱技术,对该膜系的界面电荷转移机制的光电开关特性进行了研究。结果表明,用时间分辨表面光电压谱技术研究界面电荷转移过程具有明显优越性.     

酞菁锰-表面活性剂薄膜电极的电化学表征及其对三氯乙酸的电化学催化作用的研究

将酞菁锰（ＭｎＰｃ）掺入阳离子表面活性剂双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵（ＤＤＡＢ）的氯仿溶液，并涂布于热解石墨电极表面，待氯仿挥发后即制得ＭｎＰｃ－ＤＤＡＢ薄膜电极。循环伏安实验表明，在ＫＢｒ溶液中，该薄膜电极有两对还原氧化峰，第一对峰的Ｅｐｃ１＝－０．２７Ｖ，Ｅｐａ１＝０．０１Ｖ；第二对峰的Ｅｐｃ２＝－０．７６Ｖ，Ｅｐａ２＝－０．６２Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）。本文着重探讨了第二对峰的电化学行为，估计了该体系的电荷传递扩散系数Ｄｃｔ和表观非均相电极反应速率常数Ｋ０′等电化学参数，并可将该薄膜电极用于催化三氯乙酸的电化学还原。