LD泵浦的Nd:YVO4激光器被动式产生近似无衍射绿光

使用连续式输出的砷化镓半导体激光器泵浦的掺钕钒酸钇激光器作为光源,利用磷酸氧钛钾晶体腔内倍频产生波长为532 nm的绿光,通过轴棱锥产生了近似无衍射贝塞尔光束。推导了倍频产生的绿光的场分布,并模拟了倍频绿光经过轴棱锥产生的近似无衍射光束的轴向光强分布图和截面光强分布图。通过实验拍摄了距离轴棱锥不同位置的截面光强分布,测量了无衍射贝塞尔绿光的最大无衍射距离和中心光斑直径,实验数据与理论模拟基本吻合。实验结果说明所述方法产生的倍频无衍射绿光具有良好的光束质量,具有应用价值。     

连续波多普勒引信雷电电磁脉冲辐照效应

为了研究雷电电磁脉冲场对连续波多普勒引信安全性能的影响,确定引信的能量耦合通道和效应规律,构建了引信雷电电磁脉冲辐照试验系统,并开展了该引信雷电电磁脉冲辐照效应试验。试验结果表明：受试引信最佳能量耦合姿态为引信竖直向上,弹体轴线与辐射场传播方向垂直,三角环天线平面垂直于辐射场传播方向; 主要能量耦合通道为弹体; 不同辐照波形下引信的临界干扰场强不同,在配用152 mm弹体时,1.2/50,5.4/70,0.25/100和10/350 s波形的临界干扰场强分别约为74,60,65和75 kV/m。雷电电磁脉冲对受试引信的作用机理为：辐射能量通过弹体耦合到执行电路输入端,由于感应信号脉冲宽度满足触发脉冲宽度的最低要求,从而推动引信执行电路误动作。     

基于正交超声驻波场的粒子运动建模和控制

为了获得具有均匀的倒金字塔表面微结构的多晶硅,提出了一种新腐蚀加工方法。通过建立一个相互正交的超声驻波场,来协助硅的化学侵蚀并改善其对光的吸收能力。首先对硅片表面结构进行一些比较,在二维上建立网格状的数学模型。然后建立网格中粒子运动的控制理论模型,并进行仿真验证。最后设计实验用于检验超声驻波对粒子的运动控制效果。多晶硅侵蚀结果说明将超声驻波应用在网格化微加工上是可行、可靠的。     

激光固体靶相互作用产生正电子的模拟研究

采用Monte Carlo程序Geant4对激光固体靶相互作用正电子产生进行了研究。研究了超热电子能量分布函数对正电子产生的影响,结果表明采用不同的分布函数,最多可致正电子产额约3倍的差异,分布函数的最大截止能量在30 MeV以上时正电子产额趋于饱和。研究了正电子产生与超热电子发散角的关联,结果表明发散角模型对正电子产额影响不大,而正电子角分布对超热电子发散角较为敏感,且靶背鞘场对正电子发散角的减小贡献巨大。模拟结果显示靶厚度的增加可导致正电子发散角的增大,而当靶厚度超过2 mm时,发散角基本保持不变。此外,模拟了超热电子发散角、靶厚度及靶背鞘场对正电子电子份额比及正电子份额比角分布的影响。     

混响室频率搅拌方式及其场环境特性分析

从本征模的角度阐明了频率搅拌技术的混响原理,并根据激励信号的频域特征,系统研究了频率搅拌方式下获取实时均匀场与统计均匀场的三种有效实现途径。选取线性扫频这一搅拌方式为主要研究对象,检验了混响室频率搅拌下的最低可用频率、场均匀性与统计特性三项主要技术指标。试验结果表明：线性扫频搅拌方式下,混响室的最低可用频域与机械搅拌方式基本一致;场均匀性满足IEC 61000-4-21标准规定的容差要求;场值波动规律符合理论分布模型。     

CeO2修饰Ni3S2纳米片用于高效电催化析氧

电化学水分解制氢作为重要的生产氢能的新能源技术,包括氢气析出反应(HER)和氧气析出反应(OER).然而,OER进行的是多步电子转移过程,动力学过程缓慢且过电位高,严重制约了电解水制氢的发展.因此开发低成本、高效稳定的非贵金属催化剂替代贵金属催化剂(RuO2,IrO2)来降低过电位,减少能源消耗十分必要.Ni3S2由于...     

Spider Silk-Improved Quartz-Enhanced Conductance Spectroscopy for Medical Mask Humidity Sensing

Spider silk is one of the hottest biomaterials researched currently, due to its excellent mechanical properties. This work reports a novel humidity sensing platform based on a spider silk-modified quartz tuning fork (SSM-QTF). Since spider silk is a kind of natural moisture-sensitive material, it does not demand additional sensitization. Quartz-enhanced conductance spectroscopy (QECS) was combined with the SSM-QTF to access humidity sensing sensitively. The results indicate that the resonance frequency of the SSM-QTF decreased monotonously with the ambient humidity. The detection sensitivity of the proposed SSM-QTF sensor was 12.7 ppm at 1 min. The SSM-QTF sensor showed good linearity of ~0.99. Using this sensor, we successfully measured the humidity of disposable medical masks for different periods of wearing time. The results showed that even a 20 min wearing time can lead to a >70% humidity in the mask enclosed space. It is suggested that a disposable medical mask should be changed <2 h.     

Mulberry Ethanol Extract and Rutin Protect Alcohol-Damaged GES-1 Cells by Inhibiting the MAPK Pathway

Mulberry extract has been proven to have the effect of resisting alcohol damage, but its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the composition of mulberry ethanol extract (MBE) was identified by LC-MS/MS and the main components of MBE were ascertained by measuring. Gastric mucosal epithelial (GES-1) cells were used to elucidate the mechanism of MBE and rutin (the central part of MBE) helped protect against alcohol damage. The results revealed that phenolics accounted for the majority of MBE, accounting for 308.6 mg/g gallic acid equivalents and 108 substances were identified, including 37 flavonoids and 50 non-flavonoids. The treatment of 400 μg/mL MBE and 320 μM rutin reduced early cell apoptosis and the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and increased glutathione. The qPCR results indicated that the MBE inhibits the expression of genes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, including p38, JNK, ERK and caspase-3; rutin inhibits the expression of p38 and caspase-3. Overall, MBE was able to reduce the oxidative stress of GES-1 cells and regulated apoptosis-related genes of the MAPK pathway. This study provides information for developing anti-ethanol injury drugs or functional foods.     

基于复合超构表面的宽带圆极化双功能器件设计

多功能器件的设计是推动新一代电磁系统发展的重要力量,而超构表面因其对电磁波的幅度、相位和极化等特性的灵活调控在多功能器件领域备受关注.传统的多功能超构表面是利用各向异性单元对相互正交的线极化波具有不同响应的特性,从而设计出适用于线极化的多功能器件.本文提出了一种缝隙加载的环I形复合超构表面单元,通过单元臂长和旋转角度的...     

Electronic structure of strongly correlated systems: recent developments in multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory and multiconfiguration nonclassical-energy functional theory

Strong electron correlation plays an important role in transition-metal and heavy-metal chemistry, magnetic molecules, bond breaking, biradicals, excited states, and many functional materials, but it provides a significant challenge for modern electronic structure theory. The treatment of strongly correlated systems usually requires a multireference method to adequately describe spin densities and near-degeneracy correlation. However, quantitative computation of dynamic correlation with multireference wave functions is often difficult or impractical. Multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) provides a way to blend multiconfiguration wave function theory and density functional theory to quantitatively treat both near-degeneracy correlation and dynamic correlation in strongly correlated systems; it is more affordable than multireference perturbation theory, multireference configuration interaction, or multireference coupled cluster theory and more accurate for many properties than Kohn–Sham density functional theory. This perspective article provides a brief introduction to strongly correlated systems and previously reviewed progress on MC-PDFT followed by a discussion of several recent developments and applications of MC-PDFT and related methods, including localized-active-space MC-PDFT, generalized active-space MC-PDFT, density-matrix-renormalization-group MC-PDFT, hybrid MC-PDFT, multistate MC-PDFT, spin–orbit coupling, analytic gradients, and dipole moments. We also review the more recently introduced multiconfiguration nonclassical-energy functional theory (MC-NEFT), which is like MC-PDFT but allows for other ingredients in the nonclassical-energy functional. We discuss two new kinds of MC-NEFT methods, namely multiconfiguration density coherence functional theory and machine-learned functionals.

This feature article overviews recent work on active spaces, matrix product reference states, treatment of quasidegeneracy, hybrid theory, density-coherence functionals, machine-learned functionals, spin–orbit coupling, gradients, and dipole moments.