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11.
Lifshits Mikhail A.; Linde Werner; Shi Zhan 《Proceedings London Mathematical Society》2006,92(1):224-250
We investigate RiemannLiouville processes RH, with H> 0, and fractional Brownian motions BH, for 0 < H <1, and study their small deviation properties in the spacesLq([0, 1], µ). Of special interest here are thin (fractal)measures µ, that is, those that are singular with respectto the Lebesgue measure. We describe the behavior of small deviationprobabilities by numerical quantities of µ, called mixedentropy numbers, characterizing size and regularity of the underlyingmeasure. For the particularly interesting case of self-similarmeasures, the asymptotic behavior of the mixed entropy is evaluatedexplicitly. We also provide two-sided estimates for this quantityin the case of random measures generated by subordinators. While the upper asymptotic bound for the small deviation probabilityis proved by purely probabilistic methods, the lower bound isverified by analytic tools concerning entropy and Kolmogorovnumbers of RiemannLiouville operators. 2000 MathematicsSubject Classification 60G15 (primary), 47B06, 47G10, 28A80(secondary). 相似文献
12.
Dr. Christian van der Linde Wai‐Kit Tang Dr. Chi‐Kit Siu Prof.Dr. Martin K. Beyer 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(36):12684-12687
Gas‐phase reactions of CO3.? with formic acid are studied using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometry. Signal loss indicates the release of a free electron, with the formation of neutral reaction products. This is corroborated by adding traces of SF6 to the reaction gas, which scavenges 38 % of the electrons. Quantum chemical calculations of the reaction potential energy surface provide a reaction path for the formation of neutral carbon dioxide and water as the thermochemically favored products. From the literature, it is known that free electrons in the troposphere attach to O2, which in turn transfer the electron to O3. O3.? reacts with CO2 to form CO3.?. The reaction reported here formally closes the catalytic cycle for the oxidation of formic acid with ozone, catalyzed by free electrons. 相似文献
13.
Jakob Heller Tobias F. Pascher Dr. Christian van der Linde Dr. Milan Ončák Prof. Dr. Martin K. Beyer 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2021,27(66):16367-16376
Hydrated aluminium cations have been investigated as a photochemical model system with up to ten water molecules by UV action spectroscopy in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. Intense photodissociation was observed starting at 4.5 eV for two to eight water molecules with loss of atomic hydrogen, molecular hydrogen and water molecules. Quantum chemical calculations for n=2 reveal that solvation shifts the intense 3s–3p excitations of Al+ into the investigated photon energy range below 5.5 eV. During the photochemical relaxation, internal conversion from S1 to T2 takes place, and photochemical hydrogen formation starts on the T2 surface, which passes through a conical intersection, changing to T1. On this triplet surface, the electron that was excited to the Al 3p orbital is transferred to a coordinated water molecule, which dissociates into a hydroxide ion and a hydrogen atom. If the system remains in the triplet state, this hydrogen radical is lost directly. If the system returns to singlet multiplicity, the reaction may be reversed, with recombination with the hydroxide moiety and electron transfer back to aluminium, resulting in water evaporation. Alternatively, the hydrogen radical can attack the intact water molecule, forming molecular hydrogen and aluminium dihydroxide. Photodissociation is observed for up to n=8. Clusters with n=9 or 10 occur exclusively as HAlOH+(H2O)n-1 and are transparent in the investigated energy range. For n=4–8, a mixture of Al+(H2O)n and HAlOH+(H2O)n-1 is present in the experiment. 相似文献
14.
We investigate the small ball problem for d-dimensional fractional Brownian sheets by functional analytic methods. For this reason we show that integration operators of Riemann–Liouville and Weyl type are very close in the sense of their approximation properties, i.e., the Kolmogorov and entropy numbers of their difference tend to zero exponentially. This allows us to carry over properties of the Weyl operator to the Riemann–Liouville one, leading to sharp small ball estimates for some fractional Brownian sheets. In particular, we extend Talagrand's estimate for the 2-dimensional Brownian sheet to the fractional case. When passing from dimension 1 to dimension d2, we use a quite general estimate for the Kolmogorov numbers of the tensor products of linear operators. 相似文献
15.
Z. L. Horváth J. Vinkó Zs. Bor D. von der Linde 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1996,63(5):481-484
The phase and the group velocities are calculated in a three-dimensional neighbourhood of the focus of an aberration-free lens illuminated by a spatially Gaussian beam. The Gouy phase shift caused by the diffraction results in superluminal pulse propagation on the optical axis within the Rayleigh range. 相似文献
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18.
N. Amos M. M. Block G. J. Bobbink M. Botje J. Debaisieux D. Favart C. Leroy F. Linde P. Lipnik J. -P. Matheys D. H. Miller K. Potter C. Vander Velde-Wilquet S. Zucchelli 《Physics letters. [Part B]》1983,120(4-6)
Proton-antiproton and proton-proton elastic scattering have been measured in the four-momentum transfer range 0.001|t|0.06 GeV2 for center-of-mass energy 52.8 GeV at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR). Using the known pp total cross section, a simultaneous fit to the p
and pp differential cross sections yields the p
total cross section; in addition, we obtain the ratio of the real-to-imaginary part of the forward nuclear-scattering amplitude and the nuclear-slope parameter for both p
and pp. Our results show conclusively that the p
total cross section is rising at ISR energies and lend support to conventional theories in which the difference between the p
and pp total cross section vanishes at very high energy. 相似文献
19.
Transmission characteristics of a nonlinear Fabry-Perot interferometer containing Cd(S, Se)-glasses were measured using laser pulses of 10 ns duration. The interferometer functioned as an optical limiter and optical discriminator. Optical bistability has not been observed, probably because of the finite relaxation time of the nonlinear effects. 相似文献
20.
A.D. Linde 《Nuclear Physics B》1983,216(2):421-445
In this paper we study kinetics of the first-order phase transitions in gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking. A general theory of the decay of the metastable phase (false vacuum) at a finite temperature is developed. A number of concrete examples are considered, which will make it possible to study kinetics of phase transitions in a wide class of theories without complicated computer calculations. 相似文献