快凝Pd82Si18合金原子团簇的演化特性及遗传机制

采用分子动力学(MD)模拟计算,对Pd82Si18合金快凝过程中基本原子团簇的遗传特性、演化趋势和结构稳定性进行了研究.团簇类型指数法(CTIM)分析表明:非晶固体中Si原子为中心的(102/14418/1551)双帽阿基米德反棱柱(BSAP)团簇数目占据优势.快凝过程中,BSAP结构团簇具有最大的遗传分数,并且其他以Si原子为中心的Kasper团簇大多都会向BSAP结构团簇转变.通过对Si原子为中心的Kasper基本团簇电子性质第一性原理计算发现,体系中BSAP团簇的结合能最低,结构稳定性较高,与分子动力学计算结果一致.     

光学共振增强的表面铯激活银纳米结构光阴极

金属光阴极因其超短脉冲发射和运行寿命长的特性从而具有重要应用价值,但是较高的功函数和较强的电子散射使其需要采用高能量紫外光子激发且光电发射量子效率极低.本文利用Mie散射共振效应增强银纳米颗粒中的局域光学态密度,提升光吸收率和电子的输运效率,并利用激活层降低银的功函数,从而增强光阴极在可见光区的量子效率.采用时域有限差分方法分析银纳米球阵列的光学共振特性,采用磁控溅射和退火工艺在银/氧化锡铟复合衬底上制备银纳米球,紧接着在其表面沉积制备铯激活层,最后在高真空腔体中测试光电发射量子效率.实验结果表明平均粒径150 nm的银纳米球光阴极在425 nm波长的量子效率超过0.35%,为相同激活条件下银薄膜光阴极的12倍,峰值波长与理论计算的Mie共振波长相符合.     

Influence of external load on friction coefficient of Fe-polytetrafluoroethylene

A coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation model was developed in this study to investigate the friction process occurring between Fe and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE).We investigated the effect of an external load on the friction coefficient of Fe–PTFE using the molecular dynamics simulations and experimental methods.The simulation results show that the friction coefficient decreases with the external load increasing,which is in a good agreement with the experimental results.The high external load could result in a larger contact area between the Fe and PTFE layers,severer springback as a consequence of the deformed PTFE molecules,and faster motion of the PTFE molecules,thereby affecting the friction force and normal force during friction and consequently varying the friction coefficient.     

Ring Airy-Like Beams along Predesigned Parabolic Trajectories

By phase-modulating ring Airy Gaussian beams, ring Airy-like beams propagating along predesigned parabolic trajectories are presented which combine the properties of accelerating beams and abruptly autofocusing beams analytically and numerically for the first time. The enhancement of the quadratic term ratio α shortens the autofocus distance and increases the slope of the beams after autofocusing. Interestingly, the main lobe tends to break into pieces as α increases and the possible reasons have been discussed. Furthermore, the distribution factor β and the radius of the primary r₀ can prominently affect the autofocus distance and the intensity at the focal point but do not change the slope of the beams after the autofocusing. In addition, the self-healing properties are validated to be retainable while RAiG beams via predesigned parabolic trajectories with various α.     

Optimal spectral phase control of femtosecond laser-induced up-conversion luminescence in Sm3+:NaYF4 glass

The spectral phase of the femtosecond laser field is an important parameter that affects the up-conversion(UC)luminescence efficiency of dopant lanthanide ions.In this work,we report an experi-mental study on controlling the UC lmiiinescence efficiency in Sm^3+:NaYF4 glass by 800-nm femtosec-ond laser pulse shaping using spectral phase modulation.The optimal phase control strategy efficiently enhances or suppresses the UC luminescence intensity.Based on the laser-power dependence of the UC luminescence intensity and its comparison with the luminescence spectrum under direct 266-nm fem-tosecond lciser irradiation,we propose herein an excitation model combining non-resonant two-photon absorption with resonance-media ted three-photon absorption to explain the experimental observations.     

Double Andreev reflections at surface states of the topological insulators with hexagonal warping

We study the Andreev reflection(AR)at the interface of the topological insulator with hexagonal warping and superconductor junction.Due to the hexagonal warping effect,the double ARs are found in a certain range of the incident angle,where for one incident electron beam,two beams of holes are reflected back.Interestingly,both the beams of holes are reflected as retro-AR on the same side of the normal line of the interface but with different reflection angles,different from the previously reported double AR with one retro-AR and one specular-AR.The double reflections owing to the warping effect show the optics-like property of the Dirac fermion and can stimulate the double reflections of light in anisotropic crystals.In addition,we find that the double ARs are dependent on the hexagonal warping parameter nonmonotonically,and in an intermediate strength the double AR phenomenon is prominent,providing a possibility to explore the warping parameter of topological insulators.     

用浓度调制光谱法测量水汽辉光放电中OH和H2O的布居数变化

本文使用波长为2.8 μm的分布式反馈激光器来测量水汽辉光放电产生的物种. 使用浓度调制光谱仅观察到OH自由基和瞬态H₂O分子的吸收光谱. 吸收峰的强度和方向随解调相位而变化,但是H₂O的一个吸收峰的方向始终与其它峰相反. OH和H₂O的不同光谱取向反映了能级中粒子数量的增加或减少. 如果在放电过程中可以检测到更多的瞬态物种,则可以更好地研究H₂O的激发、电离和分解动力学. 研究表明,浓度调制光谱的解调相位关系可以用来研究分子能级的布居数变化.     

蒿属三种药用植物营养器官的解剖学研究

本文对大籽蒿、野艾、椒蒿的营养器官进行了组织形态学的观察.分析了药用植物的解剖学特征与药用成份的贮藏、运输和分泌的关系.并总结出这三种植物的茎与叶的显微结构特征可做为鉴别不同种和药材真伪的依据.     

光学元件群延迟的直接测量

提出了一种测量群延迟的新方法,利用白光干涉仪产生的光谱干涉,通过时间频率联合分析直接得出群延迟,减小了传统相位差分方法产生的误差,并通过测量结果减去系统背景,进一步提高了光学元件色散测量的准确度. 该方法适合于具有复杂色散光学元件群延迟和色散的准确测量,也适合于慢光器件群速度延迟的测量. 关键词： 色散测量 白光干涉 时间频率分析 超快激光     

LiNbO3∶Cr∶Cu晶体吸收特性及非挥发全息存储研究

研究了LiNbO3∶Cr∶Cu晶体的吸收特性,发现LiNbO3∶Cr∶Cu（含0.14 wt.% Cr2O3 和 0.011 wt.% CuO）晶体存在两个明显的吸收峰,中心波长分别位于480 nm和660 nm; 随着Cr的含量逐渐减小,Cu的含量逐渐增大,短波段不存在明显吸收峰,掺Cr的含量越大,中心波长在660 nm处的吸收越大；633 nm红光虽然位于中心波长为660 nm的吸收峰内,但它无助于光折变过程.分别采用390 nm紫外光和488 nm蓝光作为敏化光,514 nm绿光作为记录光的记录方案,实现了非挥发全息记录,掺入适量的Cr( 比如NCr=2.795×1025 m－3,NCr/ NCu=1)有助于全息记录性能的提高.