The dielectric behaviour of doped near-stoichiometric lithium niobate in the terahertz range

The dielectric properties of near-stoichiometric LiNbO₃:Fe and LiNbO₃:Ce single crystals have been investigated using terahertz time domain spectroscopy in a frequency range of 0.7-1.6 THz at room temperature. When coupled with an applied external optical field, obvious photorefractive effects were observed, resulting in a modulation of the complex dielectric constant for the crystals. The variation in refractive index, |Δn|, had a linear relationship with the applied light intensity, accompanied by a step-like decrease at high intensity. The findings were attributed to the internal space charge field of the photorefraction and the light-induced domain reversal in the crystals.     

Integrating the environmental factor into the strategy updating rule to promote cooperation in evolutionary games

Many previous studies have shown that the environment plays an important role for social individuals. In this paper, we integrate the environmental factor, which is defined as the average payoff of all a player's neighbours, with the standard Fermi updating rule by introducing a tunable parameter, ω. It is found that the level of cooperation increases remarkably, and that the cooperators can better resist the invasion of defection with an increase in ω. This interesting phenomenon is then explained from a microscopic view. In addition, the universality of this mechanism is also proved with the help of the small-world network and the random regular graph. This work may be helpful in understanding cooperation behaviour in species from unicellular organisms up to human beings.     

一种基于~4He气闪烁体的裂变中子探测器

研制了一种新中子探测器,它以²³⁵UO₂裂变靶作为转换靶,⁴He气体作为闪烁体.该探测器充分结合了²³⁵U和⁴He两种核素的特点,从而具有中子能量响应平坦、中子灵敏度较高、n/γ分辨本领高等优点,能很好地在混合脉冲裂变辐射场中测量中子.本文对探测器的原理和结构设计进行了介绍,计算了不同能量中子、γ射线在探测器中的能量沉积,并从理论和实验上对探测器的中子灵敏度、γ射线灵敏度、n/γ分辨本领和时间响应进行了研究.结果表明探测器的中子灵敏度约10^-15C·cm²,γ灵敏度约10^-17C·cm²,时间响应约33.1 ns.     

(Nb,N)共掺杂锐钛矿电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

二氧化钛（TiO₂）作为一种性能优良的光催化剂已经受到越来越多的关注.本研究采用密度泛函理论的第一性原理和广义梯度近似+U方法,对锐钛矿结构TiO₂晶体三种可能的（Nb,N）共掺杂TiO₂的几何结构、形成能、能带结构、电子密度和光吸收系数进行了研究,并与单掺杂（Nb/N）体系进行了对比.对掺杂后体系的几何结构进行的计算表明杂质原子掺入后晶格发生了不同程度的畸变.此外,（Nb,N）共掺杂体系与纯TiO₂相比,其禁带宽度和吸收边较小.同时,与N掺杂TiO₂相比,N的2p态在共掺杂情形下变为完全占据,从而减少了电子空穴对的复合.而且共掺杂体系的形成能比N单掺杂体系低,因而更加稳定.因此,（Nb,N）共掺杂可以很好地提升锐钛矿型TiO₂在可见光波段的光催化性能.     

利用Offner光学系统进行图像恢复和光学检测

设计了一种Offner光学系统,用于基于相位差异技术的图像恢复和光学系统波像差的辅助检测。该Offner光学系统采用同轴抛物面反射镜作为Offner反射镜,以高速CCD相机和Shack—Hartmann波前探测器作为接收元件,能完好地消除复色光源在图像恢复过程中带来的色差;设计的RMS波像差小于a／50（A=632．8nm）,结构简单,容易实现。利用该系统分别以分辨率板和光纤光源为目标进行了图像恢复实验,经过恢复后的图像分辨率提高了19％。此外,利用该系统,采用相位差异算法解算了系统波像差,并与Shack—Hartmann波前探测器的测量结果进行了比较。比较显示两者的RMS波像差测量值相差5％,证明该系统同样能够进行光学波前检测。     

High-energy directly diode-pumped Q-switched 1617 nm Er:YAG laser at room temperature

We describe high-energy Erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) lasers operating at 1617?nm, resonantly pumped using 1532?nm fiber-coupled laser diodes. A maximum continuous wave output power of 4.3?W at 1617?nm was achieved with an output coupler of 20% transmission under incident pump power of 29.7?W, resulting in an optical conversion of 14% with respect to the incident pump power. In Q-switched operation, the pulse energy of 11.8?mJ at 100?Hz pulse repetition frequency and 81?ns pulse duration was obtained. This energy is the highest pulse energy reported for a directly diode-pumped Q-switched Er:YAG laser operating at 1617?nm.     

射流式水冷镜换热性能及在高能化学激光器中的应用

加工了射流式水冷铜镜模型,采用红外热像仪测量了冷却过程中镜面温度分布云图,证明了射流式水冷镜冷却的均匀性。采用热电偶较精确地测量了铜镜冷却过程中镜面温度的变化,实验结果与数值模拟吻合较好,验证了射流式水冷镜数值模型的可靠性。结合高能化学激光器中水冷镜实际情况,对直线沟槽型水冷镜和射流式水冷镜的形变特性进行了分析。计算结果表明,高能化学激光器水冷镜必须承压加工才能使用,射流式水冷镜可以很好地应用于高能化学激光器。此外,进一步分析了冷却孔直径和数量这两个参数对大口径射流式水冷镜形变的影响,结果表明:在孔数一定的情况下,采用更大口径的冷却孔,镜面冷却速度快、镜面最大温度低,可以获得更小的镜面形变;采用更多的冷却孔可以获得更好的冷却效果。     

新型半导体开关高压电磁脉冲产生技术

基于独特结构和物理特性的两类高性能新型高压半导体开关漂移阶跃恢复二极管和快速离化开关,提出一种新型高功率高压纳秒电磁脉冲产生方法,其技术路径是通过高压漂移阶跃恢复二极管开关将高贮能电感能量向高压快速离化开关及负载转移,产生高功率、高重复频率纳秒电磁脉冲,并用实验验证该方法在高重复频率（120,200,300 kHz）下产生高功率、高重复频率纳秒脉冲的有效性,输出脉冲电压分别为1.62,1.41,1.36 kV。     

快放电直线型变压器驱动源磁芯脉冲损耗特性

建立了快脉冲磁芯损耗特性测试平台,对比研究了50 m的DG6硅钢和25 m的2605TCA非晶两种材料磁芯损耗特性;采用一种新的特征参量(磁芯单位面积上激磁电压陡度)来规范磁芯的激磁电压条件,使得实验结果与快放电直线型变压器驱动源实际工作条件下磁芯性能具有可比性;通过测量初级漏电流及次级开路电压,获得了相同激磁条件下两种磁芯等效损耗电阻的大小,50 m 的DG6硅钢磁芯损耗约为25 m的2605TCA非晶磁芯损耗的4倍;计算了两种材料磁芯总损耗中涡流损耗所占的比例,50 m的DG6硅钢磁芯涡流损耗占总损耗的75%,25 m的2605TCA非晶磁芯涡流损耗占总损耗的28%。     

平行因子分析法在太湖水体三维荧光峰比值分析中的应用

以太湖水样三维荧光光谱数据为例,提出在采用平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)处理后的荧光数据中提取荧光峰强度计算荧光峰比值进行水环境分析评价的方法,较直接在水样原始荧光谱图中获取的荧光峰强度更加准确客观。天然水体中各水样间由于受荧光团复杂多样性等因素的影响,某类荧光物质荧光峰的激发发射波长位置并不是固定不变的,就同一水样而言各类荧光峰之间的相互重叠干扰也将影响到荧光峰强度和位置的准确判断。而在PARAFAC模型各因子中提取相应荧光峰值可以保证各水样间同类荧光物质荧光峰在同一位置又有效减弱同一水样中各类荧光物质荧光峰之间的相互干扰,更加高效准确的利用荧光峰比值进行水环境分析。区域差异性分析时水样因子得分比值的区域变化与原始荧光峰比值变化趋势是一致的。