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991.
Biosensors based on enzyme field-effect transistors for determination of some substrates and inhibitors 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dzyadevych SV Soldatkin AP Korpan YI Arkhypova VN El'skaya AV Chovelon JM Martelet C Jaffrezic-Renault N 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2003,377(3):496-506
This paper is a review of the authors' publications concerning the development of biosensors based on enzyme field-effect transistors (ENFETs) for direct substrates or inhibitors analysis. Such biosensors were designed by using immobilised enzymes and ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs). Highly specific, sensitive, simple, fast and cheap determination of different substances renders them as promising tools in medicine, biotechnology, environmental control, agriculture and the food industry.The biosensors based on ENFETs and direct enzyme analysis for determination of concentrations of different substrates (glucose, urea, penicillin, formaldehyde, creatinine, etc.) have been developed and their laboratory prototypes were fabricated. Improvement of the analytical characteristics of such biosensors may be achieved by using a differential mode of measurement, working solutions with different buffer concentrations and specific agents, negatively or positively charged additional membranes, or genetically modified enzymes. These approaches allow one to decrease the effect of the buffer capacity influence on the sensor response in an aim to increase the sensitivity of the biosensors and to extend their dynamic ranges.Biosensors for the determination of concentrations of different toxic substances (organophosphorous pesticides, heavy metal ions, hypochlorite, glycoalkaloids, etc.) were designed on the basis of reversible and/or irreversible enzyme inhibition effect(s). The conception of an enzymatic multibiosensor for the determination of different toxic substances based on the enzyme inhibition effect is also described.We will discuss the respective advantages and disadvantages of biosensors based on the ENFETs developed and also demonstrate their practical application. 相似文献
992.
The feasibility of using Zr(IV)-porphyrins as novel ionophores for preparing anion-selective polymeric membrane electrodes is examined. Electrodes constructed using o-nitrophenyl octyl ether plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes containing Zr(IV)-octaethylporphyrin (OEP) dichloride (Zr(IV)[OEP]Cl2) or Zr(IV)-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) dichloride (Zr(IV)[TPP]Cl2) were found to exhibit enhanced potentiometric selectivity toward fluoride compared to electrodes based on a typical anion-exchanger (e.g. tridodecylmethylammonium chloride). At pH 5.5, the electrodes displayed the following selectivity sequences: ClO4− > SCN− > I− > F− > NO3− > Br− > NO2− > Cl− and F− > ClO4− > SCN− > I− > NO2− > NO3− > Br− > Cl− for membranes doped with Zr(IV)[OEP]Cl2) and Zr(IV)[TPP]Cl2, respectively. Both ionophores are shown to operate via a charged carrier mechanism, with 10 mol% of lipophilic tetraphenylborate derivative in the membrane phase required to achieve optimal selectivity. Electrodes prepared with both metalloporphyrin species display super-Nernstian response toward fluoride with slopes typically greater than −100 mV per decade. It is shown, via UV-VIS spectroscopy of the membrane phase, that this behavior occurs due to spontaneous formation of hydroxide ion bridged porphyrin dimers in the membrane in the presence of the lipophilic anionic additive. The dimers are easily converted to monomeric species upon increasing the concentration of fluoride in the sample solution. Decreasing the pH of sample buffer background solution (from pH 5.5 to pH 3) decreases the lower detection limit (DL) of the electrode response toward fluoride (by two-order of magnitude) and improves the electrodes’ selectivity. 相似文献
993.
在SmI_2-HMPA-THF-t-BuOH体系中,硫代碳酸酯的酰硫键发生还原断裂反应,得到相应的二硫醚产物。 相似文献
994.
合成并测定了标题化合物的分子结构,Ca空间群,a=2.1933(2)nm,b=1.2447(3)nm,c=1.5912(5)nm,β=117.02(2)°,I'=3.8679 nm~3,Z=4,最后根据I>3G(I)的2849个独立衍射点的强度数据,把结构精修到R=0.036.在晶体结构测定基础上进行了EHMO计算,以研究其簇骼成键性质,结果表明,该分子虽不存在金属-金属键,但M与μ-O之间除了σ键外,还存在四中心d-ρπ键,它是该类化合物稳定的主要因素。 相似文献
995.
Yulu Yang Mingguang Wu Xingwang Zhu Hui Xu Si Ma Yongfeng Zhi Hong Xia Xiaoming Liu Jun Pan Jie-Yinn Tang Siang-Piao Chai Leonardo Palmisano Francesco Parrino Junli Liu Jianzhong Ma Ze-Lin Wang Ling Tan Yu-Fei Zhao Yu-Fei Song Pardeep Singh Pankaj Raizada Deli Jiang Di Li R. A. Geioushy Jizhen Ma Jintao Zhang Song Hu Rongjuan Feng Gang Liu Minghua Liu Zhenhua Li Mingfei Shao Neng Li Jiahe Peng Wee-Jun Ong Nikolay Kornienko Zhenyu Xing Xiujun Fan Jianmin Ma 《中国化学快报》1990,30(12):2065-2088
This roadmap demonstrates a series of two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene, black phosphorus, oxides, layered double hydroxides, chalcogenides, bismuth-based layered compounds, MXenes, metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and others, for environmental catalysis. 相似文献
996.
Ji‐Jiang Wang Meng‐Lin Yang Huai‐Ming Hu Prof. Dr. Gang‐Lin Xue Dong‐Sheng Li Qi‐Zhen Shi 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2007,633(2):341-345
To determine the influence of the size of the aromatic chelate ligands on the frameworks of metal tretracarboxylate polymers, two new coordination polymers [Cd(btc)0.5 (2,2′‐bpy)] ( 1 ) and [Cd(btc)0.5(phen)]·H2O ( 2 ) (H4btc = biphenyl‐3,3′,4,4′‐tetracarboxylic acid, 2,2′‐bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) have been synthesized under similar hydrothermal conditions. In complex 1 , the dimeric Cd2 units are linked by bridging btc4? ligand to form a 2D layered network, whereas complex 2 possesses a 3D metal‐organic framework consisting of the dimeric Cd2 units. The differences of two metal‐organic frameworks demonstrate that the size of the rigid aromatic chelate ligands have an important effect on the structures of their complexes. Additionally, the two complexes show strong fluorescence in the solid state at room temperature. 相似文献
997.
Masumi?Sato Masahiro?Nobe Toshiaki?DobashiEmail author Takao?Yamamoto Akira?Konno 《Colloid and polymer science》2005,284(3):293-300
We have found that the dialysis of curdlan dissolved in alkaline solution into aqueous solutions of metal salts yielded multifold gel structures. Aqueous sodium chloride and potassium chloride as well as pure water induced isotropic gels. Aqueous calcium salts induced liquid crystalline gel with refractive index gradient/amorphous gel alternative structure. Aqueous salts of trivalent aluminum and ferric cations induced a rigid liquid crystalline gel, which shrank above a threshold concentration of each salt. On the other hand, Liesegang ring-like pattern was observed with aqueous solutions of mixed salts of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride. The patterns have been classified to discuss the mechanism of forming the variety of structures. 相似文献
998.
Amphiphilic phthalocyanines with one crown ether and three alkyl chain substitutions can form stable monolayers on a water surface. This monolayer can be transferred to a substrate by a vertical dipping method. The arrangement of phthalocyanine molecules in LB films was affected by the length of alkyl chains and the coordination of alkali ions in crown ether. Davydov splitting was observed in the absorption spectra of the LB films of phthalocyanine with the shortest alkyl chain substitutions, and this splitting was affected by the alkali ions in the subphase. 相似文献
999.
McAnoy AM Wu CC Murphy RC 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2005,16(9):1498-1509
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) isolated from a biological sample provide a challenge for mass spectrometric analysis because of the complexity of naturally occurring TAGs, which may contain different fatty acyl substituents resulting in a large number of molecular species having the identical elemental composition. We have investigated the use of mass spectrometry to obtain unambiguous information as to the individual TAG molecular species present in a complex mixture of triacylglycerols using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Ammonium adducts of TAGs, [M+NH4]+, were generated by electrospray ionization, which permitted the molecular weight of each TAG molecular species to be determined. The mechanisms involved in the decomposition of the [M+NH4]+ and subsequent fragment ions were investigated using deuterium labeling, MS/MS, and MS3 experiments. Collision induced decomposition of [M+NH4]+ ions resulted in the neutral loss of NH3 and an acyl side-chain (as a carboxylic acid) to generate a diacyl product ion. MS/MS data were used to identify each acyl group present for a given [M+NH4]+ ion, and this information could be combined with molecular weight data to identify possible TAG molecular species present in a biological extract. Subsequent MS3 experiments on the resultant diacyl product ions, which gave rise to acylium (RCO+) and related ions, enabled unambiguous TAG molecular assignments. These strategies of MS, MS/MS, and MS3 experiments were applied to identify components within a complex mixture of neutral lipids extracted from RAW 264.7 cells. 相似文献
1000.
In this work, we have calculated boron-, aluminum-, titanium-, and nickel-doped La13 clusters by DMOL method based on the density-functional theory. Two doping modes are employed: surface and center doping. The boron, aluminum, and nickel atoms prefer to occupy the surface sites while the titanium atom prefers to occupy the center site. The doped La13 clusters with these four kinds of atoms have lower binding energy than pure La13 clusters. The icosahedral isomers are of lower binding energy than cubotahedral and decahedral isomers for La12B(-1), La12Al(-1), and La12Ni, while doping makes the cubotahedral La12Ti stable with a binding energy a little lower than icosahedral La12Ti. There are electronic shell effects in icosahedral La12B(-1) and La12Al(-1). The icosahedral La12B(-1) is promising to be formed during the doped process experimentally. Furthermore, we have also discussed the distorted structures of center doping by bond lengths, density of states, and charge transfers. 相似文献