Synthesis and characterization of Ni magnetic nanoparticles in AlMCM41 host

Superparamagnetic nickel nanoparticles were prepared by incorporating nickel ion into AlMCM41 as a nanoreactor and then reduced with sodium borohydride or H₂ gas. Products were characterized by elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and magnetic susceptibility. The nickel particle size and blocking temperature depend on the reduction method.     

Analysis of the surface photovoltage under sub-bandgap illumination: Effect of the bulk traps

The simple theory of the surface photovoltage induced by photostimulated electron transitions from the bulk impurity levels is given. The relevant calculations show that the surface barrier height, the concentration of the impurity levels and the trapping process at the surface effectively control this phenomenon. Under the proper conditions, a very low excitation level in the bulk can generate significant surface photovoltage signals.     

Generation of the derivative of out-of-plane displacements in the high-sensitivity grating interferometry configuration

A simple method for determining the surface slope of a specimen under test in the high-sensitivity grating interferometry setup is proposed. The information on the derivative of out-of-plane displacement is obtained by software subtraction of two primary interferograms: a conventional one and one with diffraction orders laterally displaced in the image plane. Very good coincidence between the theoretical and experimental results has been obtained. The method can be used for studying static and transient events depending on the fringe pattern analysis method used.     

The electronic structure of the oxygen double-bridged μμ′-dioxo-bis(oxodichloroaquo)dimolybdate (V)-ion by SCCC MO method

Results of SCCC MO calculations for the dimeric oxygen double-bridged [Mo₂O₄Cl₄(H₂O)₂]^2–ion are reported. On the basis of these results the previously reported spectra and magnetic properties may be explained. The strong direct molybdenum — molybdenum interaction in the Mo₂O ₄ ²⁺ core was proved to exist.

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Zusammenfassung Die Ergebnisse von SCCC MO-Rechnungen für das zweikernige Ion [Mo₂O₄Cl₄(H₂O)₂]^2– mit zweifacher Sauerstoffbrücke werden mitgeteilt. Danach können die früher angeführten magnetischen und spektralen Eigenschaften dieses Ions verstanden werden. Die Existenz starker unmittelbarer Molybdän-Molybdän Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des Mo₂O ₄ ²⁺ Kerns wird nachgewiesen.

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Résumé Résultats de calculs SCCCMO pour l'ion dimère Mo₂O₄Cl₄(H₂O) ₂ ^2– . Sur la base de ces résultats les propriétés spectrales et magnétiques précédemment obtenues peuvent être expliquées. L'existence d'une forte interaction directe molybdène-molybdène dans le coeur Mo₂O ₄ ²⁺ est clairement démontrée.

     

Meso-[2.2]paracyclophanyltriphenylporphyrin: A simple representative of cyclophanylporphyrins

(R + S)Meso-[2.2]Paracyclophanyltriphenylporphyrin 3 , a member of a novel class of cyclophanylporphyrins, was obtained and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Compared to meso-tetra[2.2]paracyclophanylporphyrin 1, it represents a simplified structure designed for the investigation of electronic interactions between the [2.2]paracyclophane moiety and porphyrin core and for use in metallation reactions.     

All-valence-electron and transition density matrix calculations of the electronic spectra of [2.2]paracyclophanequinones

The combined CNDO/S and transition density matrix methods reproduced well the UV-VIS spectra of the intramolecular charge-transfer complexes of double- and triple-layered [2.2]paracyclophanequinones in which benzene and p-benzoquinone represent the donor and acceptor layers: DA, DDA and DAD. Calculations pointed to the already known experimental bathochromic shifts of the longest wavelength absorption band for the DADDADAD transformations. The electronic transitions corresponding to this band are for DA and DDA the CT transitions of the ^* type; however, for DAD the band represents the n ^* transition localized on the acceptor ring.     

The β-moments for the second-forbidden β-decay from137Cs,the CVC theory,and the residual interactions

Theβ-moments of the 7/2⁺(1.176 MeVβ ^?)3/2⁺ transition in the decay of¹³⁷Cs have been extracted from the available experimental data. We have obtained the following values: 〈R _ij 〉/R ²=0.035±0.020, 〈iT _ij 〉/R ²=0.067±0.036, and ?0.085≦〈S _ijk ～>/R ²≦0.085. These results show that theβ-moments are reduced with respect to those evaluated by means of the conventional pairing model. These quenching effects are similar to those previously found in the analyses of first-forbiddenβ-decays and are attributed to residual charge-exchange interactions. The results forΛ(=?〈iA _ij 〉/ξ〈R _ij 〉) are discussed in the light of the predicitons of the CVC theory.     

Effect of water content on electrical conductivity of fish skin collagen

The increased interest in fish skin collagen results from the risk of BSE disease and the production of native collagen by the acidic hydration method. As a material, FSC derived by the novel acidic hydration method was used. The bovine Achilles tendon (BAT) collagen type I was applied as a control material. Measurements were carried out at the temperature range 2980 K-510 K. Each sample was heated twice. During the first heating run for FSC, to 380 K, the maximum was localized at 343 K, at electrical conductivity of 7 · 10⁻⁶ S/m. In the second heating run to 510 K, the maximum was observed at 443 K for FSC, and at 487 K for BAT collagen. The peaks revealed in the temperature range 320-350 K were related to the free water and bound water release, alike for FSC and BAT collagen. The process of water removal for both types of collagen takes place in similar temperature ranges.     

Optical and X-ray emission spectroscopy of high-power laser-induced dielectric breakdown in molecular gases and their mixtures

Large-scale plasma was created in molecular gases (CO, CO2, N2, H2O) and their mixtures by high-power laser-induced dielectric breakdown (LIDB). Compositions of the mixtures used are those suggested for the early earth's atmosphere of neutral and/or mildly reducing character. Time-integrated optical spectra emitted from the laser spark have been measured and analyzed. The spectra of the plasma generated in the CO-containing mixtures are dominated by emission of both C2 and CN radicals. A vibrational temperature of approximately 10(4) K was determined according to an intensity distribution in a vibronic structure of the CN (B2Sigma(+)u-X2Sigma(+)g) violet band. For comparison, the NH3-CH4-H2-H2O mixture has been irradiated as a model of the strongly reducing version of the early earth's atmosphere. In this mixture, excited CN seems to be significantly less abundant than C2. The LIDB experiments were in the molecular gases carried out not only in the static cell but also using a large, double stream pulse jet (gas puff target) placed in the vacuum interaction chamber. The obtained soft X-ray emission spectra indicate the presence of highly charged atomic ions in the hot core of high-power laser sparks.