全文获取类型
收费全文 | 452篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 222篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 3篇 |
数学 | 139篇 |
物理学 | 89篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 26篇 |
2010年 | 27篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 27篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1898年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有457条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Leszek Olszowy 《Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics》2014,11(2):687-701
The aim of this paper is to study a new family of measures of noncompactness in the space ${L^1_{\text{loc}}(\mathbb{R}_+)}$ consisting of all real functions locally integrable on ${\mathbb{R}_+}$ , equipped with a suitable topology. As an example of applications of the technique associated with that family of measures of noncompactness, we study the existence of solutions of a nonlinear Volterra integral equation in the space ${L^1_{\text{loc}}(\mathbb{R}_+)}$ . The obtained result generalizes several ones obtained earlier with help of other methods. 相似文献
42.
Leszek Pazderski Tomasz Pawlak Jerzy Sitkowski Lech Kozerski Edward Szłyk 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2010,48(6):450-457
1H, 13C and 15N NMR studies of iron(II), ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) tris‐chelated cationic complexes with 2,2′‐bipyridine and 1,10‐phenanthroline of the general formula [M(LL)3]2+ (M = Fe, Ru, Os; LL = bpy, phen) were performed. Inconsistent literature 1H signal assignments were corrected. Significant shielding of nitrogen‐adjacent protons [H(6) in bpy, H(2) in phen] and metal‐bonded nitrogens was observed, being enhanced in the series Ru(II) → Os(II) → Fe(II) for 1H, Fe(II) → Ru(II) → Os(II) for 15N and bpy → phen for both nuclei. The carbons are deshielded, the effect increasing in the order Ru(II) → Os(II) → Fe(II). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
43.
44.
The problem of characterizing the least expensive bond portfolio that enables one to meet his/her liability to pay C dollars
K years from now is dealt with in this article. Bond prices are allowed to be either overpriced or underpriced at the purchase
time, while at the sale time the bonds are suppose to be fairly priced. Assuming shifts in spot rates to occur instantly after
the acquisition of a bond portfolio Z and to follow fairly general type of behavior described by the condition (2), we give
both necessary and sufficient conditions for Z to solve the immunization problem above. Our model is general enough to cover
situations with twists in the yield curve. Making use of the K-T conditions, we explain in remark 7 why we focus on search
of an optimal portfolio in the class of barbell strategies. Finally, by means of the K-T conditions we find an optimal bond
portfolio which solves the immunization problem.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
45.
46.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to investigate the fate of nitrogen functional groups present in carbonaceous materials obtained from European plum (Prunus domestica) stones and modified by ammonia-air mixture at 250 or 300 °C. Peaks have been found in the XPS patterns, corresponding to different nitrogen functional forms i.e. pyrrolic, pyridinic, pyridone, amine and chemisorbed nitrogen oxides. It has been found that the distribution of nitrogen functional forms changes as a result of the modification processes. 相似文献
47.
48.
The dynamic flow behavior of polyamide-6 (PA-6) and a nanocomposite (PNC) based on it was studied. The latter resin contained
2 wt% of organoclay. The two materials were blended in proportions of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt% PNC. The dynamic shear rheological
properties of well-dried specimens were measured under N2 at T=240 °C, frequency ω=0.1–100 rad/s, and strains γ=10 and 40%. At constant T, γ, and ω the time sweeps resulted in significant
increases of the shear moduli. The γ and ω scans showed a complex rheological behavior of all clay-containing specimens. At
γ=10% the linear viscoelasticity was observed for all compositions only at ω>1 rad/s, while at γ=40% only for 0 and 25 wt%
of PNC. However, the effect was moderate, namely decreasing G′ and G′′ (at ω=6.28 rad/s; γ=50%) by 15 and 7.5%, respectively.
For compositions containing >25 wt% PNC two types of non-linearity were detected. At ω≤ωc=1.4 ± 0.2 rad/s yield stress provided evidence of a 3-D structure. At ω > ωc, G′ and G′′ were sensitive to shear history – the effect was reversible. From the frequency scans at ω > ωc the zero-shear relative viscosity vs concentration plot was constructed. The initial slope gave the intrinsic viscosity from
which the aspect ratio of organoclay particles, p=287 ± 9 was calculated, in agreement with the value calculated from the
reduced permeability data, p=286.
Received: 24 May 2001 Accepted: 27 August 2001 相似文献
49.
Teobald Kupka Aneta Buczek Magorzata A. Broda Roman Szostak Hong‐Ming Lin Lu‐Wei Fan Roman Wrzalik Leszek Stobiski 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2016,47(8):908-916
Pigments from red coral (Corallium rubrum) and African snail (Helixia aspersa) shell were studied non‐invasively using Raman spectroscopy with 1064‐nm laser beam. The two observed bands because of organic pigments confined in biomineralized CaCO3 matrix at about 1500 and 1100 cm−1 were assigned to ν(CC) and ν(C―C), respectively. Both signals originate from polyene(s) of largely unknown structure, containing several conjugated CC bonds. The small peak at 1016 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum of coral pigment was assigned to in‐plane ―CH3 rocking or structural deformation of polyene chain because of spatial confinement in the mineral matrix. The organic pigments in red coral and snail shell were present in inorganic matrix containing aragonite (shell) and calcite (coral). In addition, using Raman spectroscopy, it was observed that aragonite was replaced by calcite as result of healing damaged parts of snail shell. This is an important finding which indicates a great potential of nondestructive Raman spectroscopy instead of X‐ray technique, as a diagnostic tool in environmental studies. To support analysis of the observed Raman spectra detailed calculations using density functional theory (DFT with B3LYP and BLYP density functionals) on structure and vibrations of model all‐trans polyenes were undertaken. DFT calculated CC and C―C stretching frequencies for all‐trans polyenes containing from 2 to 14 CC units were compared with the observed ν(CC) and ν(C―C) band positions of the studied coral and shell. Individual correction factors were used to better match theoretical wavenumbers with observed band positions in red coral and African snail. It was concluded that all‐trans polyene pigments of red coral and dark parts of African snail shell contain 11–12 and 14 CC double bond units, respectively. However, Raman spectroscopy cannot produce any clear information on the presence and nature of the end‐chain substituents in the studied pigments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
50.
Adrian Falkowski Leszek Słomiński 《Stochastic Processes and their Applications》2017,127(11):3536-3557
We study the existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions of general stochastic differential equations with constraints driven by semimartingales and processes with bounded -variation. Applications to SDEs with constraints driven by fractional Brownian motion and standard Brownian motion are given. 相似文献