全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2978篇 |
免费 | 97篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1993篇 |
晶体学 | 19篇 |
力学 | 78篇 |
数学 | 380篇 |
物理学 | 615篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 75篇 |
2021年 | 101篇 |
2020年 | 69篇 |
2019年 | 90篇 |
2018年 | 63篇 |
2017年 | 64篇 |
2016年 | 113篇 |
2015年 | 112篇 |
2014年 | 111篇 |
2013年 | 200篇 |
2012年 | 165篇 |
2011年 | 246篇 |
2010年 | 139篇 |
2009年 | 166篇 |
2008年 | 202篇 |
2007年 | 183篇 |
2006年 | 171篇 |
2005年 | 122篇 |
2004年 | 98篇 |
2003年 | 65篇 |
2002年 | 75篇 |
2001年 | 41篇 |
2000年 | 43篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1916年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有3085条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
The reactions of the polymethylmethacrylate anion have been investigated at 200 K and 250 K in both THF and 9/1 toluene/THF. Sodium-α methyl styrene tetramer and fluorenyl sodium were used as initiators. Only ion pair reactions were investigated. The rate constant of monomer addition to the ion pair at 200 K was determined to be 80 ± 6 M?1 sec?1. At 250 K in the presence of excess monomer, the poly MMA anion reacts with the monomer vinyl function and the monomer ester function at comparable rates. Once fully reacted, the poly MMA anion terminates very slowly in THF at 250 K by an intermolecular mechanism. This rate of termination is enhanced in the toluene/THF system. No evidence was found for different reaction mechanisms for the two initiators. 相似文献
52.
L. Akcelrud A. S. Gomes 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1978,16(10):2423-2429
Homopolymerizations of styrene (Sty) and α-methylstyrene (AMS) in liquid sulfur dioxide were carried out in the temperature range from ?10°C to ?78°C, using m-chloroperbenzoic acid as initiator. It is shown, through the effect of initiator concentration, temperature, and times of reaction on the conversion and molecular weight of the polymers, that AMS is more reactive than Sty because it requires a smaller amount of initiator for the same conversion to be reached, although the molecular weight of the resulting polymer is lower. A linear relationship has been observed for Sty between the degree of polymerization and the initiator concentration. Within the experimental conditions employed, the presence of polysulfones has been discarded by elemental analysis. The polymerization reactions are considered to be cationic in mechanism. 相似文献
53.
Rappolt M Amenitsch H Strancar J Teixeira CV Kriechbaum M Pabst G Majerowicz M Laggner P 《Advances in colloid and interface science》2004,111(1-2):63-77
In this work, we report on recent investigations, both on the global and on the local molecular architecture of supported phospholipid model membranes. A brief theoretical introduction explains how global structural information on supramolecular lipid ensembles can be retrieved from surface X-ray diffraction measurements as well as how spin-label electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) provides complementary information on the local environment of probe molecules. The combination of especially designed X-ray cells with the technique of small- and wide-angle X-ray surface scattering makes it possible to explore various fields of lipid research and its applications. Examples for different physico-chemical conditions are presented: (i) in situ chemistry under excess of water conditions demonstrating how solid-supported lipid films sense salinity, (ii) the 3D electron density reconstruction of a vesicle-fusion intermediate under controlled humidity, and (iii) complementary temperature and pressure effects on oriented phospholipid samples. Further, special attention has been given to the influence of different film preparation techniques with respect to quality and the defect structure manifestation. To resolve the proportions and local properties of defects in a hydrated lipid-deposited surface, spin-label EPR was applied. The results from 9.6 GHz EPR as well as from 1.2 GHz EPR suggest the alignment to be in the range between 30% and 80%. In addition, slow time-dependent EPR measurements point to nano-structural rearrangements due to water flow and reduction of alignment quality. 相似文献
54.
55.
João Paulo R.F. André Hugh D. Burrows Carlos F.G.C. Geraldes Maria Da Graça M. Miguel M.Helena S.F. Teixeira L.F. Vilas Boas 《Polyhedron》1996,15(24):4331-4340
Complexation of europium(III) with glyceryl-1- and -2-phosphates has been studied by metal ion luminescence, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and potentiometry. From the luminescence and NMR studies, the formation of a 1:1 inner-sphere complex, in which the glyceryl phosphate is directly bound to the metal, is confirmed. Similar apparent binding constants at pH 2 were obtained by the three methods. Values obtained by NMR at pH 2 are 53 M−1 and 12 M−1 for glyceryl-1- and -2-phosphate, respectively. By comparison with literature data on related systems it is suggested that the ligands bind through the phosphate group. To obtain structural information from the NMR data, complexation has also been studied with the lanthanide ions Dy(III), Er(III) and Gd(III) using both chemical shift and relaxation data. From this, metal-proton distance ratios have been calculated. Comparison of 1H and 13C NMR spectral data in the presence of paramagnetic lanthanides suggests conformational equilibria in the solutions. From the potentiometric studies, global formation constants have been determined, and speciation diagrams obtained over the pH range 1.5pH7.0 for ligand/metal ratios of 1 and 30. Implications of these results on lanthanide induced fusion of phospholipid membranes are discussed. 相似文献
56.
Yara De M. Gomes AndrÉ F. Furtado Luana B. B. Coelho 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1991,31(1):97-107
Hemagglutinating activity was studied in homogenates of three embryonic stages, and in the hemolymph of most instar larvae and in adult insects of Panstrongylus megistus, an important Chagas' disease vector in Brazil. A hemolymph lectin from the 5th instar larvae of P. megistus was purified through a biospecific adsorption by using formaldehyde-treated erythrocytes. The lectin fraction was desorbed with 0.2M D-galactose in 0.15M NaCl. The lectin fraction activity was inhibited by L-rhamnose, D-lactose, raffinose, D-galactose, and D-fucose. The electrophoretic pattern to native and acidic proteins resolved lectin fraction in two main bands with lectin activity. These bands were considered as multiple molecular forms or isoforms of P. megistus lectin. Under denaturating conditions, isoform 1 showed one band with apparent mol wt (MW) of 64 kDa while isoform 2 was resolved in two bands with MW of 64 and 33 kDa. 相似文献
57.
Yulu Yang Mingguang Wu Xingwang Zhu Hui Xu Si Ma Yongfeng Zhi Hong Xia Xiaoming Liu Jun Pan Jie-Yinn Tang Siang-Piao Chai Leonardo Palmisano Francesco Parrino Junli Liu Jianzhong Ma Ze-Lin Wang Ling Tan Yu-Fei Zhao Yu-Fei Song Pardeep Singh Pankaj Raizada Deli Jiang Di Li R. A. Geioushy Jizhen Ma Jintao Zhang Song Hu Rongjuan Feng Gang Liu Minghua Liu Zhenhua Li Mingfei Shao Neng Li Jiahe Peng Wee-Jun Ong Nikolay Kornienko Zhenyu Xing Xiujun Fan Jianmin Ma 《中国化学快报》1990,30(12):2065-2088
This roadmap demonstrates a series of two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene, black phosphorus, oxides, layered double hydroxides, chalcogenides, bismuth-based layered compounds, MXenes, metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and others, for environmental catalysis. 相似文献
58.
Napoli A Di Donna L Sindona G Urso E 《European journal of mass spectrometry (Chichester, England)》2005,11(4):403-408
Fully-protected C-terminal free peptides can be conveniently analyzed by high-resolution electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) in a quadrupole quadrupole time-of-flight tandem hybrid mass spectrometer, operated in the negative (-) ionizaionization mode. The unusual choice of negative ions in mass spectrometry applications to peptide analysis was needed to obtain exhaustive sequence and structural data. The low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments provided, in fact, tandem mass spectra displaying highly diagnostic fragments with a good signal-to-noise ratio. The method is applied to segments of porcine calcitonin (Cal), Cal (1016, 1), Cal (1724, 2) and Cal (2528, 3) whose [M H]- deprotonated molecular ions provided low-energy CID mass spectra which allow the evaluation either of the primary structure of the peptide and of the location of the side-chain protective groups. ESI (+) MS can be conveniently used, in the high resolution mode, to achieve precise information on the elemental composition of the examined peptides. 相似文献
59.
Leonardo Colzani 《Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata》1984,137(1):207-215
Summary We prove direct and converse theorems of approximation for distributions in the Hardy spaces Hp, 0
相似文献
60.
L. A. Sena A. Ya. Barskaya S. P. Varshavskii O. L. Ryazantseva 《Russian Physics Journal》1984,27(7):590-593
The sputtering characteristics of KCl and NaCl alkali halide single crystals by bombardment with argon and mercury atoms are investigated. The sputtering coefficients are measured in the energy range 0.5–3 keV. Anisotropy is found in sputtering at various incident angles of the beam. The yield of charged particles during bombardment of thin specimens (of the order of 8–20 m) of KCl single crystals is investigated.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 55–59, July, 1984. 相似文献