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11.
Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak Zulkiflle Leman Mohd Sapuan Salit Mohd Zaki Abd Rahman Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup Riaz Akhtar 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,111(2):1375-1383
This study aimed to investigate the effect of resin impregnation on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS), thermogravimetric (TG) and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibres. In addition, the effect of resin impregnation on the mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) composites was also studied. The fibres were impregnated with UP via vacuum resin impregnation process at a pressure of 600 mmHg for 5 min. Composites of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % fibre loadings were fabricated and tested for tensile and flexural properties. It was observed that the impregnation process caused the fibres to be enclosed by UP resin and this gave a strong influence to the increase of its interfacial bonding by the increase of its IFSS from single fibre pull-out test. It was also observed with TG and FT-IR spectra that the impregnated fibre had lower moisture uptake than the control and there was no significant increase in thermal stability of the impregnated fibre. The sequence of fibre decomposition started from the evaporation of moisture, hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin and finally ash content and the presence of these components were proven by FT-IR spectra. For the composite specimens, due to the high interfacial bonding of the impregnated fibre and the matrix, the impregnated composites showed consistently higher tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus and toughness than the control samples. It was also observed that 30 % fibre loading gave optimum properties. 相似文献
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Ahmed Z Akerib DS Arrenberg S Bailey CN Balakishiyeva D Baudis L Bauer DA Brink PL Bruch T Bunker R Cabrera B Caldwell DO Cooley J do Couto e Silva E Cushman P Daal M DeJongh F Di Stefano P Dragowsky MR Duong L Fallows S Figueroa-Feliciano E Filippini J Fox J Fritts M Golwala SR Hall J Hennings-Yeomans R Hertel SA Holmgren D Hsu L Huber ME Kamaev O Kiveni M Kos M Leman SW Liu S Mahapatra R Mandic V McCarthy KA Mirabolfathi N Moore D Nelson H Ogburn RW Phipps A Pyle M Qiu X Ramberg E Rau W 《Physical review letters》2011,106(13):131302
We report results from a reanalysis of data from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Data taken between October 2006 and September 2008 using eight germanium detectors are reanalyzed with a lowered, 2 keV recoil-energy threshold, to give increased sensitivity to interactions from weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with masses below ~10 GeV/c(2). This analysis provides stronger constraints than previous CDMS II results for WIMP masses below 9 GeV/c(2) and excludes parameter space associated with possible low-mass WIMP signals from the DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT experiments. 相似文献
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2-Amino-4-chloro-s-triazine, a derivative of DEAE-cellulose, and acrolein/styrene copolymer were used as supports for the
immobilization of glucose oxidase and catalase after being modified with diaminohexane followed by glutaraldehyde. Immobilization
was carried out with optimum glucose oxidase-catalase ratios. The activity variations of the immobilized dual-enzyme systems
were investigated in relation to pH and temperature. Time-dependent gluconic acid production resulting from the oxidation
of glucose was monitored in a recycling fluid-bed reactor. The deactivation rates of glucose oxidase and catalase were investigated
according to the first-order reaction kinetics depending on the presence of the intermediate product H2O2. 相似文献
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M. R. Ishak S. M. Sapuan Z. Leman M. Z. A. Rahman U. M. K. Anwar 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2012,109(2):981-989
The aim of this study was to characterize tensile and thermal properties of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibres obtained from different heights (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15?m) of sugar palm tree. This study has confirmed that in a mature sugar palm tree, degradation was occurred and altered the properties of its fibre. Fibres obtained at the area of live (green) palm frond were found to have a better tensile properties as a result of its optimum chemical composition especially cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. For the fibre obtained from the upper part of sugar palm tree, it shows slightly decreasing trend in tensile properties compared to mature fibres. It is due to the fibres are juvenile where their cell walls are progressively built up thus give slightly lower properties than matured fibres. For the fibre obtained from the area of dead palm frond, the fibres are considered to be degraded biologically. It is believed that polymeric chains in microfibrils were broken and their cellulose content was decreased which demonstrated inferior properties (tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break and toughness). The use of such fibre for application as reinforcing fibre in composite is not recommended since the strength of the fibre and composite will be reduced. There were four phases of decomposition of the fibres where the sequence of decomposition started with decomposition of moisture, followed by hemicelluloses, then cellulose and next is lignin while the ash was the last component left. The thermal degradation of these components were found in ranges of 45?C123, 210?C300, 300?C400, 160?C900 and 1723?°C, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetric analysis curves showed that the fibre of 1?m showed higher thermal stability than the fibres of 3?C15?m. The different thermal stability for each fibre was due to different chemical compositions especially when the fibre containing high ash content which result in higher thermal stability. 相似文献
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Catalyst functional group cooperativity in the amino acid-catalysed nitroaldol condensation reaction
Several amino acids and their derivatives have been evaluated as organic catalysts for the nitroaldol reaction. It was found that when an unprotected amino group and an unprotected carboxylate group were present in the organocatalyst, both the nitroaldol reaction and subsequent elimination could occur to afford nitroalkenes from aromatic aldehydes and nitromethane. The best results were obtained by use of γ-amino acids derived from l-glutamine. It is suggested that the amino group is important for intermediate Schiff base formation and that the free carboxylate group facilitates the elimination step. 相似文献
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Penttinen H Pakarinen J Välimäki V Laurson M Li H Leman M 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2006,120(6):4052-4063
This paper presents a model-based sound synthesis algorithm for the Chinese plucked string instrument called the guqin. The instrument is fretless, which enables smooth pitch glides from one note to another. A version of the digital waveguide synthesis approach is used, where the string length is time-varying and its energy is scaled properly. A body model filter is placed in cascade with the string model. Flageolet tones are synthesized with the so-called ripple filter structure, which is an FIR comb filter in the delay line of a digital waveguide model. In addition, signal analysis of recorded guqin tones is presented. Friction noise produced by gliding the finger across the soundboard has a harmonic structure and is proportional to the gliding speed. For pressed tones, one end of a vibrating string is terminated either by the nail of the thumb or a fingertip. The tones terminated with a fingertip decay faster than those terminated with a thumb. Guqin tones are slightly inharmonic and they exhibit phantom partials. The synthesis model takes into account these characteristic features of the instrument and is able to reproduce them. The synthesis model will be used for rule based synthesis of guqin music. 相似文献
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In this paper, we study the supercurrent in a mesoscopic Josephson junction (MJJ) and its quantum statistical properties in the presence of nonclassical light fields. We investigate in detail the influence of external nonclassical light fields on current-voltage step structures of the MJJ. We also study in detail quantum statistical properties of the supercurrent when the external quantum electromagnetic fields are even and odd coherent-sta!e light fields. It is shown that the supercurrent in the MJJ exhibits both squeezing effect and quantum coherence. It is demonstrated that the MJJ can feel the difference not only between classical light fields and nonclassical light fields but also between different nonclassical light fields. 相似文献