二阶导数同步荧光光谱法同时直接测定厚朴酚及和厚朴酚

研究了厚朴酚与和厚朴酚及其混合溶液的二阶导数同步荧光光谱,结果两者的二阶导数同步荧光光谱得到完全分离,消除了彼此间的干扰,据此建立了一种二阶导数同步荧光光谱法同时直接测定混合物中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的新方法.厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的线性范围分别为2.8～500.0 μg/L和4.3～560.0 μg/L;检出限分别为0.84和1.30 μg/L,回收率分别为94.65%～105.58%和95.09%～104.51%; 相对标准偏差均低于4.08%.本方法用于同时直接测定厚朴药材及其提取物中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量,结果令人满意.     

Mechanistic studies on a sulfoxide transfer reaction mediated by diphenyl sulfoxide/triflic anhydride

Sulfoxides are frequently used in organic synthesis as chiral auxiliaries and reagents to mediate a wide variety of chemical transformations. For example, diphenyl sulfoxide and triflic anhydride can be used to activate a wide range of glycosyl donors including hemiacetals, glycals and thioglycosides. In this way, an alcohol, enol or sulfide is converted into a good leaving group for subsequent reaction with an acceptor alcohol. However, reaction of diphenyl sulfoxide and triflic anhydride with oxathiane-based thioglycosides, and other oxathianes, leads to a different process in which the thioglycoside is oxidised to a sulfoxide. This unexpected oxidation reaction is very stereoselective and proceeds under anhydrous conditions in which the diphenyl sulfoxide acts both as oxidant and as the source of the oxygen atom. Isotopic labelling experiments support a reaction mechanism that involves the formation of oxodisulfonium (S-O-S) dication intermediates. These intermediates undergo oxygen-exchange reactions with other sulfoxides and also allow interconversion of axial and equatorial sulfoxides in oxathiane rings. The reversibility of the oxygen-exchange reaction suggests that the stereochemical outcome of the oxidation reaction may be under thermodynamic control, which potentially presents a novel strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of sulfoxides.     

催化裂化条件下噻吩与改性Y分子筛的作用机制

以HY、NiY和稀土离子改性的Y分子筛(REY)为研究对象,采用固定床装置评价噻吩模拟油催化裂化性能;运用气相色谱-氢火焰离子发光检测器(GC-FID)、气相色谱-硫化学发光检测器(GC-SCD)和原位红外光谱技术分析产物,关联分子筛的酸性,研究催化裂化条件下噻吩与改性Y分子筛的作用机制。实验结果表明,催化裂化条件下,噻吩与分子筛的作用机制差异主要取决于与B酸或L酸相关的非骨架铝物种或金属离子物种的存在形式。其中,NiY分子筛中,噻吩主要是吸附在与NiOH⁺物种相关的L酸中心,而Ni₄AlO₄³⁺等物种减弱B酸性中心从而降低其裂化性能。对HY来说,噻吩易在与AlO⁺等物种相邻的B酸中心上聚合形成三联噻吩,并发生一定的氢转移和裂化反应;而对REY而言,分子筛中与RE物种相关的L酸位会促进噻吩在与非骨架铝羟基等物种(如Al(OH)₂⁺、Al(OH)²⁺等)相邻的B酸中心形成的二联噻吩发生氢转移和裂化反应。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法对聚氯乙烯及邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的快速鉴定

应用傅立叶变换红外光谱法实现了聚氯乙烯及邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的快速鉴别。对聚氯乙烯的定性采用了衰减全反射技术,用锗作为晶体材料,对邻苯二甲酸酯类的定性则采用透射法。用溶解-沉淀法对试样进行分离和纯化,所用溶剂为四氢呋喃,沉淀剂为无水乙醇。经过此方法,聚合物与增塑剂达到很好的分离和纯化。     

Activity-based chemical proteomics accelerates inhibitor development for deubiquitylating enzymes

Converting lead compounds into drug candidates is a crucial step in drug development, requiring early assessment of potency, selectivity, and off-target effects. We have utilized activity-based chemical proteomics to determine the potency and selectivity of deubiquitylating enzyme (DUB) inhibitors in cell culture models. Importantly, we characterized the small molecule PR-619 as a broad-range DUB inhibitor, and P22077 as a USP7 inhibitor with potential for further development as a chemotherapeutic agent in cancer therapy. A striking accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins was observed after both selective and general inhibition of cellular DUB activity without direct impairment of proteasomal proteolysis. The repertoire of ubiquitylated substrates was analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry, identifying distinct subsets for general or specific inhibition of DUBs. This enabled identification of previously unknown functional links between USP7 and enzymes involved in DNA repair.     

一种二维多孔窗口型膦酸锆材料的合成及其对不同金属离子的吸附性能

合成了一种二维窗口型膦酸锆材料β-丙氨酸-N,N-双亚甲基膦酸锆(ZrNCP),采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜分析了合成产物的相组成和微观结构;利用N2吸脱附试验装置测定了合成产物对不同金属离子的吸附性能,考察了浓度、温度及pH对其吸附性能的影响.结果表明,合成产物内部存在大量分布均匀的微介孔,材料微观形貌为规整片状.随着金属离子半径的增大,ZrNCP对各种金属离子的平衡吸附量(mmol/g)呈逐渐减小趋势.     

Nonaqueous suspensions of laponite and montmorillonite

It is shown how stable, nonaqueous suspensions of fully exfoliated smectite clays such as Laponite and montmorillonite can be obtained. Suspensions in toluene and in a branched aliphatic solvent (polydecene) were characterized using elemental analysis, rheometry, and small-angle X-ray scattering. For Laponite, stable suspensions were obtained by adsorbing a dichain poly(isobutylene) based stabilizer to the particles. This approach did not result in full exfoliation for montmorillonite particles, possibly because the stabilizer was able to connect individual clay sheets at the edges during the treatment process. Instead, a quaternary ammonium surfactant, dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB), was first adsorbed to the clay. Subsequently, adsorption of the poly(isobutylene) based stabilizer to this pretreated clay resulted in fully exfoliated suspensions of montmorillonite. Suspensions of clay particles treated only with DODAB have been studied by several authors before and are included in this study for comparison. A detailed discussion of the suspension behavior of the different clay samples is given. The suspension routes presented here may enable further studies of the structure and flow behavior of suspensions of thin, flexible clay platelets as a function of aspect ratio.     

离子液体溶胀对煤直接液化残渣结构及热解性能的影响

采用四种相同阴离子不同有机链长阳离子的离子液体([EMIM][MeSO_4]、[BMIM][MeSO_4]、[HMIM][MeSO_4]和[OMIM][MeSO_4])对煤直接液化残渣(DCLR)进行溶胀处理,通过SEM、FT-IR和TG-DTG表征,分析了各离子液体溶胀对煤直接液化残渣溶胀效果、表面形貌、官能团分布、主体结构和热解性能的影响。溶胀结果表明,不同链长离子液体对煤直接液化残渣具有不同的溶胀效果,[HMIM][MeSO_4]对残渣溶胀效果最好,其溶胀度高达1.78。FT-IR表明,不同链长离子液体会不同程度地破坏煤中C-H键,使得脂肪族和芳香族类化合物的相对含量有所差异。由TG-DTG可知,不同链长离子液体溶胀对残渣热解性能的影响具有较大差异,其中,以离子液体[OMIM][MeSO_4]溶胀对残渣的热解最为有利,失重率高达47.5%;而离子液体[BMIM][MeSO_4]溶胀在一定程度上抑制了残渣的热解,其失重率低于未经溶胀处理的残渣。基于Coats-Redfern法的热解动力学分析表明,煤直接液化残渣及其溶胀残渣在低温段(180-480℃)的热解过程均符合二级反应动力学,高温段(480-825℃)均以三级和四级反应动力学为宜。另外,不同链长离子液体溶胀处理明显改变了残渣的热解活化能,其链越长残渣的热解活化能越高。     

席夫碱钼(Ⅵ)配合物的制备及催化大豆油环氧化

以水杨醛和邻氨基酚为起始原料, 合成了N-亚水杨醛基-2-氨基苯酚配体(H₂SAP); H₂SAP与乙酰丙酮钼的无水乙醇溶液反应, 制得席夫碱钼(Ⅵ)配合物MoO₂(SAP)(EtOH); 采用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、¹H NMR及热重分析对配合物进行了表征. 以MoO₂(SAP)(EtOH)为催化剂, 研究了其催化合成环氧大豆油的催化性能, 考察了氧源种类、反应温度、反应时间及溶剂/助剂等因素对环氧化反应的影响. 结果表明, 以65%(质量分数)叔丁基过氧化氢(65% TBHP)为氧源, 在80℃时反应4 h, 转化率和选择性分别为43.0%和67.2%, MoO₂(SAP)(EtOH)在催化体系中表现出强烈的助剂效应, 当加入强给电子配体咪唑时, 环氧产率显著降低. 同时对该配合物催化环氧化机理进行了初步探讨.     

油茶籽油中角鲨烯含量的气相色谱法测定

建立了油茶籽油中角鲨烯含量测定的气相色谱检测方法.油茶籽油样品经氢氧化钾-乙醇溶液皂化,石油醚萃取净化,经HP -5色谱柱分离,气相色谱仪(GC-FID)检测,外标法定量.在5～ 200g/L线性范围内线性良好,在1.0～3.0g/kg添标水平,平均回收率在93.7％ ～ 101.3％,相对标准偏差在1.7％～6.8％...