Surface and bulk conduction and thermodynamic properties of ionic salt CsH<Subscript>5</Subscript>(PO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Transport properties of ionic salt CsH₅(PO₄)₂ are studied by the impedance method. The salt’s bulk conductivity ranges from 10^?8 to 10^?4 S cm^?1 in the temperature interval 90 to 145°C. The apparent activation energy is high (1.6–2.0 eV). The conductivity is slightly anisotropic: it is maximum in the [001] direction and minimum in the [100] direction (～5.6 and 1 times × 10^?6 S cm^?1, respectively, at 130°C). The conductivity of polycrystalline samples is higher by 1–2 orders of magnitude, and the activation energy drops to 1.05 eV due to the formation of a pseudoliquid layer with a high proton mobility at the intercrystallite boundary. The salt’s thermodynamic properties are examined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. No phase transitions are discovered in the salt up to the melting point (151.6°C), with the melting enthalpy equal to ～34 kJ mol^?1. The crystallization occurs at lower temperatures (107°C) and the crystallization enthalpy (?18 kJ mol^?1) is lower than the melting enthalpy. The melting is accompanied by slow decomposition of the salt. Factors affecting the proton transport in the salt are analyzed.     

Numerical modeling of the equilibrium shapes of a ferrofluid drop in an external magnetic field

A numerical solution strategy for calculating equilibrium free surfaces of a magnetic fluid under the action of a magnetic field is proposed and applied to determine shapes of a linear magnetisable ferrofluid drop in a uniform magnetic field. Hysteresis phenomena for the drop deformation and the drop shapes with ends, close to conical, were observed numerically. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The OLVE-HERO Calorimeter Prototype Tests at Heavy Ion Beams of CERN SPS

Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters - A project of the OLVE-HERO space detector is proposed for CR measurement in the range of 1012–1016 eV and will include a large ionization-neutron 3D...     

Numerical modeling of the rotation of a solid body with a liquid-filled cavity having radial ribs

The boundary-value problem of unsteady vortex flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a cylindrical vessel with radial ribs rotating at a variable angular velocity is solved using a finite-difference method. The results of the solution are used to calculate the motion of a system of a solid body and a cavity filled with a liquid. The results are compared with available experimental data. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 135–139, March–April, 2007.     

Composite solid electrolytes

Studies of composite ionic conductors are overviewed. Mechanisms of defect formation at ionic crystal surfaces and at interphase boundaries in the composites are discussed; the Stern model that allows calculating surface potential has been involved. Methods for the calculating of the composite’s electrical conductance and other physicochemical characteristics are suggested. Thermodynamic stability of nanocomposites and the genesis of their morphology during sintering are analyzed. General regularities of changes in ionic-salt properties over wide range of the “ionic salt-oxide” systems, as well as size effects are discussed.     

Crown Ethers with Three- and Four-Coordinated Phosphorus Atom in the Cycle

Abstract

Starting from phosphonic, phosphorous, phosphonous and phosphoric acid chlorides new crown ethers with three- and four-coordinated phosphorus atom in the cycle were formed.     

4-Thiazolidinones with cyclic substituents in the 2 position

Cycloalkyspiro-4-thiazolidinones are synthesized by the reaction of several cyclic ketones with 2-mercaptopropionic or thioglycolic acids in the presence of an ammonium salt. The reaction of thioglycolic acid with N-benzylidene derivatives of adamantylalkylamines or hydroxyphenylethylamines leads to the corresponding N-substituted 5-phenyl-4-thiazolodinones. By the condensation of adamantanone thiosemicarbazide, or its hydroxy derivative, with chloroacetic acid, the corresponding substituted hydrazones are obtained.Farmzashchina NPTS, Khimki, Moscow Obl., 141400. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 991–994, July, 1994. Original article submitted May 18, 1994.     

Formation of Composites Based on CsHSO<Subscript>4</Subscript> and Cs<Subscript>5</Subscript>H<Subscript>3</Subscript>(SO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>4</Subscript> and Mechanism of Their Protonic Conduction

Vibrational spectra of finely divided amorphous CsHSO₄,Cs₅H₃(SO₄)₄ · H₂O, and composites based on these are measured and analyzed. An analysis of the spectra indicates the occurrence of substantial changes in the system of hydrogen bonds and in the spectral range of the sulfate group of acid sulfates in the composites. Structural dynamics of the SO₄ tetrahedrons is in full conformance with protonic conduction and the data of x-ray diffraction analyses accompanied by differential scanning calorimetry. It is shown that mobility of protons in the composites increases. A mechanism of the formation of the composites and their conduction is proposed.__________Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 5, 2005, pp. 640–645.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Ponomareva, Lavrova, Burgina.