高碳铬铁在氢氧化钠水溶液中电化学氧化过程

铬铁电化学氧化法是一种新的制备铬酸钠的方法,然而高碳铬铁在NaOH水溶液中的电化学氧化过程尚不明确。 采用循环伏安法(CV)、稳态极化法(LSV)等电化学测试方法对金属铬、高碳铬铁在NaOH水溶液中的电化学氧化过程进行研究,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对高碳铬铁电解后固相产物表征,判断固相产物的组成。 结果表明,高碳铬铁不同于金属铬的电氧化过程,它在NaOH溶液中通过Cr(0)→Cr(Ⅵ)的电氧化方式生成铬酸钠,中间产物Cr(OH)₃和Fe(0)发生电化学反应生成稳定的FeCr₂O₄。 随着NaOH浓度的增加,电势较低时,受高碳铬铁中Fe(0)的影响,高碳铬铁容易在NaOH水溶液中发生钝化;当电势足够正时,钝化膜溶解,生成铬酸钠、氢氧化铁和亚铬酸亚铁,同时,阳极表面有氧气析出。 高碳铬铁电化学氧化制备铬酸钠的适宜条件:碱浓度≥2 mol/L,阳极电势≥1.6 V(vs.SCE)。     

Styrene Hydroformylation with In Situ Hydrogen: Regioselectivity Control by Coupling with the Low‐Temperature Water–Gas Shift Reaction

The hydroformylation of olefins is one of the most important homogeneously catalyzed industrial reactions for aldehyde synthesis. Various ligands can be used to obtain the desired linear aldehydes in the hydroformylation of aliphatic olefins. However, in the hydroformylation of aromatic substrates, branched aldehydes are formed preferentially with common ligands. In this study, a novel approach to selectively obtain linear aldehydes in the hydroformylation of styrene and its derivatives was developed by coupling with a water–gas shift reaction on a Rh single‐atom catalyst without the use of ligands. Detailed studies revealed that the hydrogen generated in situ from the water–gas shift is critical for the highly regioselective formation of linear products. The coupling of a traditional homogeneous catalytic process with a heterogeneous catalytic reaction to tune product selectivity may provide a new avenue for the heterogenization of homogenous catalytic processes.     

2D sp2 Carbon‐Conjugated Porphyrin Covalent Organic Framework for Cooperative Photocatalysis with TEMPO

2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are receiving ongoing attention in semiconductor photocatalysis. Herein, we present a photocatalytic selective chemical transformation by combining sp² carbon‐conjugated porphyrin‐based covalent organic framework (Por‐sp²c‐COF) photocatalysis with TEMPO catalysis illuminated by 623 nm red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Highly selective conversion of amines into imines was swiftly afforded in minutes. Specifically, the π‐conjugation of porphyrin linker leads to extensive absorption of red light; the sp² ?C=C? double bonds linkage ensures the stability of Por‐sp²c‐COF under high concentrations of amine. Most importantly, we found that crystalline framework of Por‐sp²c‐COF is pivotal for cooperative photocatalysis with (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO). This work foreshadows that the outstanding hallmarks of COFs, particularly crystallinity, could be exploited to address energy and environmental challenges by cooperative photocatalysis.     

Influence of the molding angle on tensile properties of FDM parts with orthogonal layering

Fused deposition molding (FDM) is one of the most widely used three‐dimensional (3D) printing technologies. This paper explores the influence of the forming angle on the tensile properties of FDM specimens. Orthogonal layering details were studied through experiments, theory, and finite element simulations. The stiffness and strength of the specimens were analyzed using the classical laminated plate theory and the Tsai–Wu failure criterion. The experimental process was simulated using finite element simulations. Results show that it is feasible to predict the stiffness and strength of FDM specimens using classical laminated plate theory and the Tsai–Wu failure criterion. A molding angle of 45° leads to specimens with maximized tensile properties. Numerical simulations show that changing the molding angle changes the internal stress and deformation fields inside samples, leading to FDM samples with different mechanical properties due to the orthogonal layers at different molding angles.     

A Hydrolytically Stable Vanadium(IV) Metal–Organic Framework with Photocatalytic Bacteriostatic Activity for Autonomous Indoor Humidity Control

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with long‐term stability and reversible high water uptake properties can be ideal candidates for water harvesting and indoor humidity control. Now, a mesoporous and highly stable MOF, BIT‐66 is presented that has indoor humidity control capability and a photocatalytic bacteriostatic effect. BIT‐66 (V₃(O)₃(H₂O)(BTB)₂), possesses prominent moisture tunability in the range of 45–60 % RH and a water uptake and working capacity of 71 and 55 wt %, respectively, showing good recyclability and excellent performance in water adsorption–desorption cycles. Importantly, this MOF demonstrates a unique photocatalytic bacteriostatic behavior under visible light, which can effectively ameliorate the bacteria and/or mold breeding problem in water adsorbing materials.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structural Characterization of a Thiosemicarbazone Derived from 4-Acylpyrazolone

1 INTRODUCTION Pyrazol-5-one derivatives form an important class of organic compounds due to their structural che- mistry and biological activities as analgesic, antipy- retic, anti-inflammatory and hyperglycemic agents[1～4]. Even the simplest pyrazol-5-one derivatives like antipyrine and amidopyrine are widely used in anal- gesic medicine[5, 6]. On the other hand, thiosemicar- bazones, especially heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones, have been the subject of extensive investigations be- cause…     

基于光子数目比较的激光测距法

提出了一种新颖的激光测距方法。该方法避开了传统激光测距法中使用复杂辅助电子设备对脉冲计时或比较相位差的过程,而主要通过光学手段分析和提取待测距离信息,最终通过比较大量光子数目的方法求得待测距离。并利用单轴晶体的双折射和全内双反射性质,用特殊结构的单块LiNbO3晶体设计了实施该方法的主体装置。结果表明,该激光测距法同目前普遍使用的激光测距法相比,不但简化了结构,而且有很高的测距精度,从而为激光测距开拓了一种新的思路。     

扩大景深的波前编码成像系统特性分析

从空域和频域两个方面利用新的数学工具对扩大景深的波前编码成像系统的一些重要特性进行了阐释和分析。空域中,主要利用维格纳分布函数的正则投影来分析系统的点扩展函数对离焦像差的变化不敏感特性;频域中,则利用考纽螺线的图解方法来分析系统的光学传递函数对离焦像差的变化不敏感特性。简单讨论了波前编码成像技术所涉及的数字图像处理方法,并且用数值仿真实验验证了波前编码成像系统的这些优越特性。