高斯光束非线性“热像”效应研究

高功率激光系统中非线性“热像”强度可能达到光学元件损伤阀值，从而对系统的安全运行造成威胁.以往的非线性“热像”现象研究都是基于无限大平面光波背景，但实际系统中传输的是有限束宽光束.本文以高斯光束为例，基于无像差自聚焦理论分析了有限束宽光束的“热像”形成规律.结果表明，高斯光束“热像”的强度与位置在光束腰斑较小时与平面光波情况有明显不同，但光束腰斑较衍射物大得多时，高斯光束可以近似当作平面光波处理.     

医用硬性内窥镜畸变的评定基础和方法

建立医用硬性内窥镜畸变的评定基础和方法,用视轴对称的球面Z视场为模型来模拟体腔凹面特征,以建立内窥镜物像共轭的分析基础;运用光学原理并结合ISO9039:1994“光学和光学仪器光学系统质量评价———畸变的测定”的定义原则,并根据理论畸变的临床要求确定畸变定义;采用主光线追迹原理推导不同球面Z形状的畸变换算通式。创立了医用硬性内窥镜以单位相对畸变表述的定义和表达式,并导出变换视场面的畸变换算通用公式和测试方法。本文建立的畸变评定基础和方法适用于医用硬性内窥镜的标准应用。     

半导体桥等离子体温度的原子发射光谱法测量

半导体桥生成的等离子体由于温度高、尺度小、持续时间短等特点,对其温度的瞬态测量是个难题.本文采用高速数字存贮示波器应用原子发射光谱双谱线法对半导体桥等离子体温度进行了实时瞬态测量,并对在22μF电容下不同充电电压对半导体桥等离子体温度的影响进行了系统的研究,得到了22μF电容下等离子体最高温度与充电电压的关系式Tmax=700.6 115.2U.     

磁场中多原子极性晶体中体极化子的基态能量

研究磁场中多原子极性晶体中体极化子的性质,采用线性组合算符法,分别导出强,弱耦合情形下体极化子的基态能量。     

A novel local PCA-based method for detecting activation signals in fMRI.

A novel local principal component analysis (LPCA) technique is presented for activation signal detection in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) without explicit knowledge about the shape of the model activation signal. Unlike the traditional PCA methods, our LPCA algorithm is based on a measure of separation between two clusters formed by the signal segments in active periods and inactive periods, which is computed in an eigen-subspace. In addition, we only applied PCA to the temporal sequence of each individual voxel instead of applying PCA to the fMRI data set. In our algorithm, we first applied a linear regression procedure to alleviate the baseline drift artifact. Then, the baseline-corrected temporal signals were partitioned into active and inactive segments according to the paradigm used for the fMRI data acquisition. Principal components were computed from all these segments for each voxel by PCA. By projecting the segments of each voxel onto a linear subspace formed by the corresponding most dominant principal components, two separate clusters were formed from active and inactive segments. An activation measure was defined based on the degree of separation between these two clusters in the projection space. We show experimental results on the activation signal detection from various sets of fMRI data with different types of stimulation by using the proposed LPCA algorithm and the standard t-test method for comparison. Our experiments indicate that the LPCA algorithm in general provides substantial signal-to-noise ratio improvement over the t-test method.     

Correlations of conserved charges and QCD phase structure

Correlations of conserved charges,i.e.,the baryon number,electric charge,and strangeness,are calculated at finite temperature and chemical potentials up to the fourth order.The calculations are done ina 2+1 flavor low energy effective theory,in which the quantum and thermal fluctuations are encoded through the evolution of flow equations within the functional renormalization group approach.Strangeness neutrality and a fixed ratio of the electric charge to the baryon number density are implemented throughout the computation.We find that higher-order correlations incorporate more sensitive critical dynamics than the quadratic ones.In addition,a non-monotonic dependence of the fourth-order correlations between the baryon number and strangeness,i.e.,-χ₃₁^BS/χ₂^Sand χ₂₂^BS/χ₂^S,on the collision energy is also observed.     

面心立方铁纳米粒子的相变与并合行为的分子动力学研究

本文采用分子动力学模拟结合Finnis-Sinclair多体势研究了面心立方铁纳米粒子在加温过程中的相变与并合行为. 模拟结果表明: 纳米粒子在熔化之前均发生了由面心立方至体心立方的马氏体相变; 大小相等的两纳米粒子在并合之前发生了相对转动; 而大小不等的两纳米粒子在并合过程中并未出现转动, 小纳米粒子倾向于吸附在大纳米粒子上, 并随着温度的升高而熔化, 最终形成更大的纳米粒子. 关键词： 纳米粒子 相变 并合 分子动力学     

含有周期球腔的黏弹性覆盖层消声性能分析

利用散射矩阵法分析了单个球状空腔在黏弹性橡胶中的Mie散射特性以及振动模式.以此为基础，利用多重散射法分析了不同背衬条件下，含有单层周期球状空腔的橡胶覆盖层(厚度为8mm)的消声性能.结果表明，单个球腔的径向共振对覆盖层的低频消声性能有重要贡献，覆盖薄层在共振区具有良好的消声性能.最后，设计了双层消声覆盖层(厚度为20mm)，有效拓展了消声带宽. 关键词： Mie散射 多重散射法 消声材料 声子晶体     

Mesomorphic bipyridine building blocks bearing an sp3 carbon and a hydroxy function

The synthesis of novel symmetrical liquid crystalline compounds based on 5-methyl-5-[2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-2,2-bipyridines is reported, together with some physical properties. Although the chelating head-groups are connected via a chiral sp³ carbon atom, all the materials are mesomorphic. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between pyridino and hydroxy fragments in the mesophases is made apparent by FTIR spectroscopy.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of mesogens containing 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecaoxy terminal chains

One series of two-ring and two series of three-ring mesogens with 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10-heptadecafluorodecaoxy terminal chains containing tolane or biphenyl units have been synthesized. Their mesomorphic properties were observed and measured by optical polarizing microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The three-ring mesogens only exhibit a wide smectic C phase when the length of their hydrocarbon chains is intermediate.