An Investigation of Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrins with Phenylurea Herbicides by Photochemically-Induced Fluorescence. Analytical Applications

The effect of -cyclodextrin (-CD) and hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin (HP--CD) upon the photochemically-induced fluorescence (PIF) properties of four phenylurea herbicides, including linuron, diuron, isoproturon and neburon has been studied. Photochemical conversion of these nonfluorescent herbicides into strongly fluorescent photoproducts was shown to occur in -CD and HP--CD aqueous media. The influence of pH, UV irradiation time and photoproduct stability on the fluorescence intensity was also investigated. In addition, the stoichiometry and formation constants of the complexes formed between herbicides and -cyclodextrin (-CD) or 2-hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin (HP--CD) were determined. The formation constant values, ranging from 184 ± 40 to 1498 ± 245 M^-1, were calculated by applying the iterative nonlinear regression (NLR) approach to the PIF data. Linear calibrations graphs were established in the interval 1–12 g/mL, for diuron, linuron and neburon. The IUPAC limits of detection ranged between 580 and 700 ng/mL, according to the compound. Application to the analysis of phenylurea herbicides in spiked river water was also described.     

Polarized basis sets of Slater-type orbitals: H to Ne atoms

We present three Slater-type atomic orbital (STO) valence basis (VB) sets for the first and second row atoms, referred to as the VB1, VB2, and VB3 bases. The smallest VB1 basis has the following structure: [3, 1] for the H and He atoms, [5, 1] for Li and Be, and [5, 3, 1] for the B to Ne series. For the VB2 and VB3 bases, both the number of shells and the number of functions per shell are successively increased by one with respect to VB1. With the exception of the H and Li atoms, the exponents for the VB1 bases were obtained by minimizing the sum of the Hartree-Fock (HF) and frozen-core singles and doubles configuration interaction (CISD FC) energies of the respective atoms in their ground state. For H and Li, we minimized the sum of the HF and CISD FC energies of the corresponding diatoms (i.e., of H(2) or Li(2)) plus the ground-state energy of the atom. In the case of the VB2 basis sets, the sum that was minimized also included the energies of the positive and negative ions, and for the VB3 bases, the energies of a few lowest lying excited states of the atom. To account for the core correlations, the VBx (x = 1, 2, and 3) basis sets for the Li to Ne series were enlarged by one function per shell. The exponents of these extended (core-valence, CV) basis sets, referred to, respectively, as the CVBx (x = 1, 2, and 3) bases, were optimized by relying on the same criteria as in the case of the VBx (x = 1, 2, and 3) bases, except that the full CISD rather than CISD FC energies were employed. We show that these polarized STO basis sets provide good HF and CI energies for the ground and excited states of the atoms considered, as well as for the corresponding ions.     

用理学3064X荧光仪分析碳

在理学３０６４Ｘ荧光仪上采用十八烷基马来酸（ＯＨＭ）晶体作为色散单元，通过改造电路，调整晶体倾角，获得对碳分析的良好线性，在流气正比计数器（ＦＰＣ）窗膜分别为５μｍ和０．６μｍ条件下，碳元素的峰背比分别达到３８．９１和５４．０４。作者分析了白口铸铁和碳化硅中的碳，结果表明在理学３０６４Ｘ荧光仪上定量分析碳是可行了，具有快速、简便、准确、多元素同时分析的特点，可用于日常分析     

Pt/HM和Pd/HM催化剂表面氧的恢复与供出活化能测定

催化氧化是最重要的工业催化反应之一。七十年代以来,关于氧化催化剂的基础研究取得了长足的进步,采用各种手段对氧化催化剂的表面及体相氧种进行了考察。本文作者根据研究实用氧化催化剂的经验,结合控制论方法,亦提出了多相催化氧化反应的集团结构适应性规律。近年来,作者用TPD和吸附平衡法研究了V_2O_5/SiO_2催化剂表面氧的种类、数目和供出活性,较好地关联了催化氧化的一些事实,使以上规律更趋于半定量化。在多相氧化反应中,催化剂表面活性氧不断处于供出和恢复的循环之中,催化剂表面氧中心的供     

1—苯乙酰基—4—芳酰基氨基硫脲的合成及其在碱催化下的环化反应

1-酰基-4-芳基氨基硫脲类化合物在碱性条件下环化为具有广泛生物活性的3-取代基-4-芳基-1,2,4-三唑啉-5-硫酮的反应报道甚多,但1,4-位都含羰基的酰氨基硫脲在碱性条件下环化反应迄今报道较少。我们曾研究了1-[5-(α-萘)-2H-四唑-2-乙酰基]-4-芳酰基氨基硫脲和1-(α-萘乙酰基)-4-芳酰基氨基硫脲在碱催化下环化为3-取代基-4-芳酰基-1,2,4-三唑啉-5-硫酮的反应,它们在低浓度下均有一定的生物活性。本文研究了1-苯乙酰基-4-芳酰基氨基硫脲1_(a～m)在1mol/L K_2CO_3溶液催化下的环化反应,得到环化产物3-苄基-4-芳酰基-1,2,     

Derivatives of carbohydrazide, thiocarbohydrazide and diaminoguanidine as photometric analytical reagents-I 1,3-bis[(2-pyridyl)methyleneamino]thiourea and 1,3-bis[(2-pyridyl)methyleneamino]guanidine

1,3-Bis[(2-pyridyl)methyleneamino]thiourea (PMAT) and 1,3-bis[(2-pyridyl)methyleneamino]-guanidine (PMAG) have been prepared. They have been examined and characterized by infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy. A spectrophotometric method has been used for determination of the protonation constants of the reagents. Finally, a spectrophotometric survey has been made of the reactions of various cations with PMAT and PMAG.     

Influence of Pretreatment Conditions on Methane Aromatization Performance of Mo／HZSM—5 and Mo—Cu／HZSM—5 Catalysts

Mo/HZSM-5 is a good catalyst for methane aromatization, and the reaction performance of Mo/HZSM-5 and Cu modified Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts under various pretreatment conditions has been studied. The results indicate that the catalyst presented a distinguished catalytic activity, benzene selectivity and a high stability when the bed temperature was raised in N2 atmosphere.     

2020 Roadmap on two-dimensional nanomaterials for environmental catalysis

This roadmap demonstrates a series of two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene, black phosphorus, oxides, layered double hydroxides, chalcogenides, bismuth-based layered compounds, MXenes, metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and others, for environmental catalysis.     

铬天青S共振光散射法测定脱氧核糖核酸

介绍在阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)存在下阴离子染料铬天青S(CAS)共振光散射(RLS)法测定脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的方法。在pH=5．27的六次甲基四铵一盐酸缓冲溶液中，研究了CAS—CT-MAB—yDNA体系的RLS光谱特征、影响因素和最佳反应条件。在最佳条件下，体系的RLS强度增加值△I与yDNA的浓度在50～800μg／L和1000～2000μg／L呈线性关系，其线性回归方程分别为△I=0．48c 2．56和△I=0．14c 17．86，相关系数分别为0．9997和0．9991，检出限为4．3ng／mL。该方法简便、快速，应用于合成样品中yDNA的测定，测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．93％～4．71％，回收率为97．8％～105．2％。     

Thermal analysis and microscopical characterization of cholesterol in gallstones

Summary Cholesterol constitutes the major component of most gallstones. It was identified and determined in gallstones by thermal analysis technique (DSC and TG-DTA), mainly by the use of the melting temperature (T_onset=145°C and T_max=149°C) and by DTG peak decomposition (T_max=364°C). Cholesterol anhydrous (ChA), which showed endothermic polymorphic peak, T_max=40°C, without mass loss, was differentiated from cholesterol monohydrate (ChH), which showed a broad endothermic peak, T_max=59°C, attributed to loss of water of crystallization (theoretical 4.45%). Morphological studies of gallstones were performed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The stones consisted of a pigmented core with a variably-sized irregular central cavity, surrounded by a radially arranged deposits of plate-like ChH. The outer part of the stones showed ChA crystal arborescences. X-ray microanalysis gave a typical spectrum rich in C and O, and in some instances the presence of P, which was attributed to the presence of phospholipids. CaCO₃ was easily characterized by TG with the use of DTG decomposition peak at 674°C.